The incidence of fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, has increased significantly over the past three decades due to factors such as the AIDS epidemic, an aging population, immunocompromised patients, and the widespread use of medical devices. While Candida albicans remains the most common cause of candidosis, non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species like Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis are increasingly recognized as human pathogens. The increased emergence of these NCAC species is attributed to improved identification methods and the changing characteristics of patients and medical practices. Candida pathogenicity is facilitated by various virulence factors, including adherence to host surfaces and medical devices, biofilm formation, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. However, relatively little is known about the virulence factors of NCAC species compared to C. albicans. This review provides an overview of the biology, identification, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. It highlights the importance of these species in human candidosis and discusses the challenges in their diagnosis and treatment.The incidence of fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, has increased significantly over the past three decades due to factors such as the AIDS epidemic, an aging population, immunocompromised patients, and the widespread use of medical devices. While Candida albicans remains the most common cause of candidosis, non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species like Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis are increasingly recognized as human pathogens. The increased emergence of these NCAC species is attributed to improved identification methods and the changing characteristics of patients and medical practices. Candida pathogenicity is facilitated by various virulence factors, including adherence to host surfaces and medical devices, biofilm formation, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. However, relatively little is known about the virulence factors of NCAC species compared to C. albicans. This review provides an overview of the biology, identification, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. It highlights the importance of these species in human candidosis and discusses the challenges in their diagnosis and treatment.