Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis are non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species that have become increasingly important human pathogens. These species are often identified in infections due to improved diagnostic methods and the increasing prevalence of immunocompromised patients. The pathogenicity of these species is facilitated by virulence factors such as adherence to host surfaces, biofilm formation, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. However, research on NCAC species is limited compared to C. albicans. This review provides information on the biology, identification, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Candida species are fungi that can grow as yeast and form hyphae or pseudohyphae. C. glabrata is not polymorphic and grows only as blastoconidia, while C. parapsilosis can form pseudohyphae. C. tropicalis can form both hyphae and pseudohyphae. These species differ in their biochemical properties, such as their ability to ferment and assimilate various sugars. C. glabrata has a haploid genome, while C. albicans and other NCAC species have diploid genomes. Molecular techniques have improved the identification of Candida species, leading to the discovery of new species. The laboratory diagnosis of candidosis remains challenging, with methods such as chromogenic media and molecular approaches being used. PCR-based methods have also been developed for Candida identification. However, many of these methods are not yet standardized or validated in clinical settings. The epidemiology of NCAC species infections has changed over the past few decades, with C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis becoming more prevalent. These species are often isolated from the oral cavity, vulvovaginal and urinary tracts, and are more commonly found in immunocompromised patients. C. glabrata is more prevalent in adults than in children, while C. parapsilosis is more common in neonates and transplant recipients. C. tropicalis is often associated with patients with neutropenia and malignancy. The pathogenicity of NCAC species is influenced by virulence factors such as adhesion, biofilm formation, and the production of hydrolytic enzymes. These factors contribute to the ability of the species to invade host tissues and resist antifungal therapy. C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis have been shown to form biofilms, which provide resistance to antifungal agents. The mechanisms of antifungal resistance in these species are not fully understood, but they are known to be more resistant to certain antifungal drugs compared to C. albicans. Antifungal therapies for candidosis include polyene antifungCandida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis are non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) species that have become increasingly important human pathogens. These species are often identified in infections due to improved diagnostic methods and the increasing prevalence of immunocompromised patients. The pathogenicity of these species is facilitated by virulence factors such as adherence to host surfaces, biofilm formation, and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. However, research on NCAC species is limited compared to C. albicans. This review provides information on the biology, identification, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and antifungal resistance of C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Candida species are fungi that can grow as yeast and form hyphae or pseudohyphae. C. glabrata is not polymorphic and grows only as blastoconidia, while C. parapsilosis can form pseudohyphae. C. tropicalis can form both hyphae and pseudohyphae. These species differ in their biochemical properties, such as their ability to ferment and assimilate various sugars. C. glabrata has a haploid genome, while C. albicans and other NCAC species have diploid genomes. Molecular techniques have improved the identification of Candida species, leading to the discovery of new species. The laboratory diagnosis of candidosis remains challenging, with methods such as chromogenic media and molecular approaches being used. PCR-based methods have also been developed for Candida identification. However, many of these methods are not yet standardized or validated in clinical settings. The epidemiology of NCAC species infections has changed over the past few decades, with C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis becoming more prevalent. These species are often isolated from the oral cavity, vulvovaginal and urinary tracts, and are more commonly found in immunocompromised patients. C. glabrata is more prevalent in adults than in children, while C. parapsilosis is more common in neonates and transplant recipients. C. tropicalis is often associated with patients with neutropenia and malignancy. The pathogenicity of NCAC species is influenced by virulence factors such as adhesion, biofilm formation, and the production of hydrolytic enzymes. These factors contribute to the ability of the species to invade host tissues and resist antifungal therapy. C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis have been shown to form biofilms, which provide resistance to antifungal agents. The mechanisms of antifungal resistance in these species are not fully understood, but they are known to be more resistant to certain antifungal drugs compared to C. albicans. Antifungal therapies for candidosis include polyene antifung