Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy has emerged as a promising adoptive cell therapy for cancer treatment, particularly in hematological malignancies. However, its application in solid tumors faces significant challenges, including the identification of specific tumor antigens, the difficulty in localizing neoplastic regions, and the hostile microenvironment of solid tumors. This review highlights the current limitations and emerging strategies to enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors. Key challenges include the scarcity and heterogeneity of tumor antigens, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the physical barriers to lymphocyte trafficking. To address these issues, various approaches are being explored, such as the development of CARs with multiple targets, the use of co-stimulatory molecules, the modulation of the TME through cytokine secretion, and the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, strategies to improve TME penetration and reduce toxicity, such as the use of "suicide genes" and remote-controlled CARs, are also discussed. The review emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between CAR T cells and the TME to develop more effective and safer treatments for solid tumors.Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy has emerged as a promising adoptive cell therapy for cancer treatment, particularly in hematological malignancies. However, its application in solid tumors faces significant challenges, including the identification of specific tumor antigens, the difficulty in localizing neoplastic regions, and the hostile microenvironment of solid tumors. This review highlights the current limitations and emerging strategies to enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors. Key challenges include the scarcity and heterogeneity of tumor antigens, the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the physical barriers to lymphocyte trafficking. To address these issues, various approaches are being explored, such as the development of CARs with multiple targets, the use of co-stimulatory molecules, the modulation of the TME through cytokine secretion, and the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, strategies to improve TME penetration and reduce toxicity, such as the use of "suicide genes" and remote-controlled CARs, are also discussed. The review emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between CAR T cells and the TME to develop more effective and safer treatments for solid tumors.