This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the field of carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture using polymer-based materials, focusing on the last five years (2019–2024). It highlights the significance of CO₂ capture in addressing climate change and the need for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective methods. The review discusses the general methods of CO₂ capture, including precombustion, oxyfuel combustion, and postcombustion capture, and the criteria for selecting materials for CO₂ capture. It also explores the mechanisms of CO₂ capture by adsorbents, such as physisorption and chemisorption, and the properties of materials like porous carbons, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and ionic liquids (ILs). The review delves into the latest developments in polymer-based materials for CO₂ capture, particularly amine-based polymers (PEI, PVAm, PAN) and synthetic porous organic polymers (POPs). For amine-based polymers, the focus is on their synthesis, modification, and application in CO₂ adsorption. PEI, PVAm, and PAN are modified to enhance their CO₂ capture performance through various techniques such as impregnation, grafting, and crosslinking. For example, PEI is often loaded onto nanoporous supports or grafted onto silica foam, while PVAm is used in facilitated transport membranes (FTMs) and PAN is utilized in nanofiber adsorbents and hybrid materials. The review also discusses the potential of POPs, including conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in enhancing CO₂ capture by increasing surface area and pore size. These materials are designed to have high CO₂ adsorption capacity and selectivity, making them promising candidates for advanced CO₂ capture applications. Overall, the review aims to provide researchers with new insights and approaches to develop innovative polymer-based materials with improved CO₂ capture capacity, efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, addressing the current challenges in carbon capture and storage (CCUS) technologies.This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the field of carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture using polymer-based materials, focusing on the last five years (2019–2024). It highlights the significance of CO₂ capture in addressing climate change and the need for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective methods. The review discusses the general methods of CO₂ capture, including precombustion, oxyfuel combustion, and postcombustion capture, and the criteria for selecting materials for CO₂ capture. It also explores the mechanisms of CO₂ capture by adsorbents, such as physisorption and chemisorption, and the properties of materials like porous carbons, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and ionic liquids (ILs). The review delves into the latest developments in polymer-based materials for CO₂ capture, particularly amine-based polymers (PEI, PVAm, PAN) and synthetic porous organic polymers (POPs). For amine-based polymers, the focus is on their synthesis, modification, and application in CO₂ adsorption. PEI, PVAm, and PAN are modified to enhance their CO₂ capture performance through various techniques such as impregnation, grafting, and crosslinking. For example, PEI is often loaded onto nanoporous supports or grafted onto silica foam, while PVAm is used in facilitated transport membranes (FTMs) and PAN is utilized in nanofiber adsorbents and hybrid materials. The review also discusses the potential of POPs, including conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in enhancing CO₂ capture by increasing surface area and pore size. These materials are designed to have high CO₂ adsorption capacity and selectivity, making them promising candidates for advanced CO₂ capture applications. Overall, the review aims to provide researchers with new insights and approaches to develop innovative polymer-based materials with improved CO₂ capture capacity, efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, addressing the current challenges in carbon capture and storage (CCUS) technologies.