Carbon dioxide capture is a critical strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from power plants. Current methods, such as amine-based absorption, are energy-intensive and costly, increasing energy requirements by 25–40%. The review highlights the need for improved materials to enhance CO₂ separation efficiency. Key challenges include the energy penalty for regeneration and the need for materials that can selectively capture CO₂ from various gas mixtures, such as flue gas, natural gas, and syngas. Recent advancements in materials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), physical absorbents, and adsorption materials, offer promising solutions. MOFs, with their high surface areas and tunable pore sizes, are particularly effective for CO₂ capture. Physical absorbents like Selexol and Rectisol are used for natural gas sweetening, while ionic liquids provide low-energy regeneration. Adsorption materials, such as zeolites and carbon-based sorbents, are also being explored for their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Precombustion capture, which involves converting methane to hydrogen, and oxyfuel combustion, which uses pure oxygen for combustion, are alternative methods with higher efficiency but higher capital costs. The development of new materials, such as task-specific ionic liquids and functionalized mesoporous materials, is crucial for improving CO₂ capture processes. These materials can enhance selectivity and reduce energy consumption, making them more viable for commercial applications. The review emphasizes the importance of continued research and development in materials science to achieve cost-effective and energy-efficient CO₂ capture technologies.Carbon dioxide capture is a critical strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from power plants. Current methods, such as amine-based absorption, are energy-intensive and costly, increasing energy requirements by 25–40%. The review highlights the need for improved materials to enhance CO₂ separation efficiency. Key challenges include the energy penalty for regeneration and the need for materials that can selectively capture CO₂ from various gas mixtures, such as flue gas, natural gas, and syngas. Recent advancements in materials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), physical absorbents, and adsorption materials, offer promising solutions. MOFs, with their high surface areas and tunable pore sizes, are particularly effective for CO₂ capture. Physical absorbents like Selexol and Rectisol are used for natural gas sweetening, while ionic liquids provide low-energy regeneration. Adsorption materials, such as zeolites and carbon-based sorbents, are also being explored for their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Precombustion capture, which involves converting methane to hydrogen, and oxyfuel combustion, which uses pure oxygen for combustion, are alternative methods with higher efficiency but higher capital costs. The development of new materials, such as task-specific ionic liquids and functionalized mesoporous materials, is crucial for improving CO₂ capture processes. These materials can enhance selectivity and reduce energy consumption, making them more viable for commercial applications. The review emphasizes the importance of continued research and development in materials science to achieve cost-effective and energy-efficient CO₂ capture technologies.