The paper "Causal Inference in Multisensory Perception" by Konrad P. Körding et al. explores the brain's ability to infer causal relationships from sensory cues, particularly in multisensory perception. The authors develop an ideal-observer model that can predict how humans combine auditory and visual cues to estimate their locations and whether they have a common cause. The model is tested in two auditory-visual localization tasks, showing that humans can efficiently infer both the causal structure and the locations of causes. The results suggest that causal inference is not limited to conscious, high-level cognition but is also performed continuously and effortlessly in perception. The study combines insights from causal inference with the ideal-observer approach to sensory cue combination, demonstrating that the brain can optimize the integration of cues to form a unified understanding of the environment.The paper "Causal Inference in Multisensory Perception" by Konrad P. Körding et al. explores the brain's ability to infer causal relationships from sensory cues, particularly in multisensory perception. The authors develop an ideal-observer model that can predict how humans combine auditory and visual cues to estimate their locations and whether they have a common cause. The model is tested in two auditory-visual localization tasks, showing that humans can efficiently infer both the causal structure and the locations of causes. The results suggest that causal inference is not limited to conscious, high-level cognition but is also performed continuously and effortlessly in perception. The study combines insights from causal inference with the ideal-observer approach to sensory cue combination, demonstrating that the brain can optimize the integration of cues to form a unified understanding of the environment.