2024 | Maurice Reimann, Soyoung Lee, Clemens A. Schmitt
Cellular senescence, a critical stress response, is implicated in various biological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, and aging. While replicative senescence (RS) is often considered irreversible due to telomere erosion, premature senescence induced by oncogenes, therapies, or viruses is also believed to be irreversible. However, this review challenges the notion of senescence as an irreversible endpoint, suggesting that it is a dynamic process influenced by essential maintenance components. Senescence is characterized by extensive epigenomic reorganization, cytomorphological remodeling, and metabolic rewiring, and its maintenance relies on active mechanisms. Senescent cells can re-enter the cell cycle under certain conditions, leading to a "post-senescent" state with distinct functional and clinical implications. The review discusses the dynamic nature of senescence, including the possibility of senescence escape and bypass, and highlights the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying senescence for therapeutic interventions.Cellular senescence, a critical stress response, is implicated in various biological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, and aging. While replicative senescence (RS) is often considered irreversible due to telomere erosion, premature senescence induced by oncogenes, therapies, or viruses is also believed to be irreversible. However, this review challenges the notion of senescence as an irreversible endpoint, suggesting that it is a dynamic process influenced by essential maintenance components. Senescence is characterized by extensive epigenomic reorganization, cytomorphological remodeling, and metabolic rewiring, and its maintenance relies on active mechanisms. Senescent cells can re-enter the cell cycle under certain conditions, leading to a "post-senescent" state with distinct functional and clinical implications. The review discusses the dynamic nature of senescence, including the possibility of senescence escape and bypass, and highlights the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying senescence for therapeutic interventions.