Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) are promising nanomaterials for wound healing due to their unique physicochemical properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and angiogenic capabilities. This review summarizes the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of CeO₂ NPs in wound healing. CeO₂ NPs can promote angiogenesis by modulating the intracellular oxygen environment and activating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, ERK/MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. They also exhibit redox activity, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mimicking the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). CeO₂ NPs have antibacterial properties by disrupting bacterial membranes and inhibiting bacterial growth. They also possess anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ROS production and suppressing inflammatory responses. CeO₂ NPs can be combined with other biomaterials, such as hydrogels and microRNA-146a, to enhance wound healing. Recent studies have shown that CeO₂ NPs can be used in diabetic wound healing, promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. The synthesis of CeO₂ NPs involves various methods, including physical and chemical approaches, with green synthesis methods being increasingly favored for their environmental and biocompatibility benefits. Despite their promising potential, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms, toxicity, and long-term effects of CeO₂ NPs in wound healing.Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) are promising nanomaterials for wound healing due to their unique physicochemical properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and angiogenic capabilities. This review summarizes the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of CeO₂ NPs in wound healing. CeO₂ NPs can promote angiogenesis by modulating the intracellular oxygen environment and activating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, ERK/MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. They also exhibit redox activity, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mimicking the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). CeO₂ NPs have antibacterial properties by disrupting bacterial membranes and inhibiting bacterial growth. They also possess anti-inflammatory effects by reducing ROS production and suppressing inflammatory responses. CeO₂ NPs can be combined with other biomaterials, such as hydrogels and microRNA-146a, to enhance wound healing. Recent studies have shown that CeO₂ NPs can be used in diabetic wound healing, promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. The synthesis of CeO₂ NPs involves various methods, including physical and chemical approaches, with green synthesis methods being increasingly favored for their environmental and biocompatibility benefits. Despite their promising potential, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms, toxicity, and long-term effects of CeO₂ NPs in wound healing.