Chagas disease (CD), caused by the flagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting humans and domestic animals, particularly dogs. It is transmitted through vectors like triatomine bugs, but also through oral transmission and blood transfusion. Dogs play a critical role in the peridomestic cycle of T. cruzi, acting as reservoirs and sentinels for human infection. Despite advances in research, there is no vaccine or standard treatment for CD in humans or dogs. The disease has a complex life cycle with acute and chronic phases, with the chronic phase often leading to severe cardiac and digestive complications. Diagnosis is challenging due to the non-specific nature of symptoms and the need for serological and molecular tests. Current treatments, such as Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, are effective in the acute phase but have limited success in chronic cases. Research is ongoing to develop new therapies and diagnostic tools to combat CD, which is now a global health concern due to increased migration and transmission routes. The integration of One Health approaches, combining genomics, immunology, and epidemiology, is essential for effective control and prevention of CD.Chagas disease (CD), caused by the flagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting humans and domestic animals, particularly dogs. It is transmitted through vectors like triatomine bugs, but also through oral transmission and blood transfusion. Dogs play a critical role in the peridomestic cycle of T. cruzi, acting as reservoirs and sentinels for human infection. Despite advances in research, there is no vaccine or standard treatment for CD in humans or dogs. The disease has a complex life cycle with acute and chronic phases, with the chronic phase often leading to severe cardiac and digestive complications. Diagnosis is challenging due to the non-specific nature of symptoms and the need for serological and molecular tests. Current treatments, such as Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, are effective in the acute phase but have limited success in chronic cases. Research is ongoing to develop new therapies and diagnostic tools to combat CD, which is now a global health concern due to increased migration and transmission routes. The integration of One Health approaches, combining genomics, immunology, and epidemiology, is essential for effective control and prevention of CD.