The global food system faces significant challenges, including environmental sustainability and food security. These challenges are exacerbated by increasing population and urbanization, leading to resource-intensive diets and environmental degradation. Hydroponics, a sustainable and efficient method of plant-based food production, offers a promising solution, particularly in urban areas. This review highlights the primary environmental issues associated with global agrifood systems and the need for rational and equitable changes in food production, distribution, storage, and consumption. Hydroponics, when integrated into residential buildings, can enhance food self-sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts. The study also addresses the challenges in enhancing home hydroponic systems, emphasizing the importance of precise control over nutrient concentration, pH levels, and other environmental factors. Hydroponics is recognized for its ability to grow a wide variety of crops with reduced water consumption and chemical dependency, making it an eco-friendly and flexible approach to food production. The article discusses various types of hydroponic systems and crops, their advantages, and the potential for urban agriculture to contribute to food security and environmental sustainability. Despite challenges such as high initial costs and limited technical knowledge, hydroponics holds significant potential for improving food security in urban areas. The integration of hydroponics into urban spaces, including rooftops and balconies, can enhance resilience and sustainability, while also providing social and economic benefits.The global food system faces significant challenges, including environmental sustainability and food security. These challenges are exacerbated by increasing population and urbanization, leading to resource-intensive diets and environmental degradation. Hydroponics, a sustainable and efficient method of plant-based food production, offers a promising solution, particularly in urban areas. This review highlights the primary environmental issues associated with global agrifood systems and the need for rational and equitable changes in food production, distribution, storage, and consumption. Hydroponics, when integrated into residential buildings, can enhance food self-sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts. The study also addresses the challenges in enhancing home hydroponic systems, emphasizing the importance of precise control over nutrient concentration, pH levels, and other environmental factors. Hydroponics is recognized for its ability to grow a wide variety of crops with reduced water consumption and chemical dependency, making it an eco-friendly and flexible approach to food production. The article discusses various types of hydroponic systems and crops, their advantages, and the potential for urban agriculture to contribute to food security and environmental sustainability. Despite challenges such as high initial costs and limited technical knowledge, hydroponics holds significant potential for improving food security in urban areas. The integration of hydroponics into urban spaces, including rooftops and balconies, can enhance resilience and sustainability, while also providing social and economic benefits.