The article provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. It begins by describing the emergence and spread of the virus, highlighting its rapid global transmission and the measures taken to control the outbreak. The virology of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed, including its genomic characteristics, receptor use, and phylogenetic relationships with other coronaviruses. The clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 are detailed, along with recent advancements in animal models and antiviral treatments. The potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origins of the virus are also explored. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the virus's genetic variation and the role of different animal hosts in its evolution. It further discusses the receptor binding and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods for COVID-19. Finally, the article reviews potential therapeutic strategies, including inhibition of virus entry, replication, and immunomodulatory approaches, while acknowledging the need for further research and clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy.The article provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. It begins by describing the emergence and spread of the virus, highlighting its rapid global transmission and the measures taken to control the outbreak. The virology of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed, including its genomic characteristics, receptor use, and phylogenetic relationships with other coronaviruses. The clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 are detailed, along with recent advancements in animal models and antiviral treatments. The potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origins of the virus are also explored. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the virus's genetic variation and the role of different animal hosts in its evolution. It further discusses the receptor binding and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods for COVID-19. Finally, the article reviews potential therapeutic strategies, including inhibition of virus entry, replication, and immunomodulatory approaches, while acknowledging the need for further research and clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy.