Porosity and pore structure characterization is crucial for understanding geological formations, as they influence fluid storage, transport, and rock properties. This paper summarizes various techniques for analyzing porosity in rocks and porous materials. It discusses petrophysical approaches, scattering methods, image analysis, and other imaging techniques. Petrophysical methods include saturation, buoyancy, gas expansion, gas adsorption, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. These methods measure effective porosity and provide insights into pore structure and connectivity. Scattering methods, such as neutron and X-ray scattering, are used to study porosity changes in geological contexts. Image analysis techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and focused ion beam (FIB) SEM, provide detailed pore structure information. These methods are essential for understanding pore types, their distribution, and their impact on rock properties. The paper highlights the importance of combining different techniques to gain a comprehensive understanding of pore systems in complex geological materials.Porosity and pore structure characterization is crucial for understanding geological formations, as they influence fluid storage, transport, and rock properties. This paper summarizes various techniques for analyzing porosity in rocks and porous materials. It discusses petrophysical approaches, scattering methods, image analysis, and other imaging techniques. Petrophysical methods include saturation, buoyancy, gas expansion, gas adsorption, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. These methods measure effective porosity and provide insights into pore structure and connectivity. Scattering methods, such as neutron and X-ray scattering, are used to study porosity changes in geological contexts. Image analysis techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and focused ion beam (FIB) SEM, provide detailed pore structure information. These methods are essential for understanding pore types, their distribution, and their impact on rock properties. The paper highlights the importance of combining different techniques to gain a comprehensive understanding of pore systems in complex geological materials.