ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, is a conversational system based on the large language model GPT. It aims to achieve smooth, natural conversations with human users through natural language processing technology. ChatGPT has broad applications in customer service, educational tutoring, entertainment interactions, and more. It can understand complex queries and commands, producing fluid, coherent natural language responses. The system can remember conversation history and comprehend contextual information, thus providing accurate and relevant responses across multiple rounds of dialog. Additionally, it supports multiple languages, serving global users. ChatGPT not only understands and responds to factual questions but also simulates emotional interactions, offering a more humanized communication experience. By continuously learning from user feedback and dialog data, ChatGPT can self-optimize to enhance dialog quality and user experience. ChatGPT has been widely applied in various fields, becoming a revolutionary tool. In customer service, it significantly improves response speed and efficiency by automatically answering common questions. In the education sector, ChatGPT acts as an intelligent tutoring assistant, offering personalized learning advice and materials to help students enhance their learning efficiency. Moreover, it assists in content creation, helping users write articles, reports, and creative writing. In entertainment and social media, ChatGPT generates creatively interactive content, bringing a new interactive experience to users. These application scenarios demonstrate ChatGPT's powerful capabilities in understanding and generating natural language, as well as its enormous potential in improving human–computer interaction, boosting work efficiency, and enriching people's lives. The exploration of ChatGPT’s impacts has been extensive, yet existing research predominantly focuses on technical aspects and societal implications, leaving a notable gap in understanding its effects on human–computer interaction and user psychology. While prior studies have elucidated the technical architecture of ChatGPT and its broader societal implications, there remains a scarcity of research examining its nuanced effects on the dynamics of human–computer interaction and the psychological responses of users. Based on the above background, this paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of ChatGPT in the fields of HCI, psychology, and society. Section 2 elaborates on the research purpose, detailing the research objectives and key research questions: How does ChatGPT impact human–computer interaction? What are the psychological effects of interacting with ChatGPT? Section 3, Methodology, describes the research methods employed, including data collection techniques and the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies. In Section 4, Technical Description, we explore the technical evolution of ChatGPT and its breakthroughs in the HCI field, highlighting its development history and the changes and impacts it has brought to natural language interaction. Section 5, Psychological Implications, examines the effects of ChatGPT on psychological support, emotional regulation, and social relationships, analyzing its influence on both human-to-human and human–machine interactions. Section 6, Social Implications, discusses the opportunities presented by ChatGPT in education,ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, is a conversational system based on the large language model GPT. It aims to achieve smooth, natural conversations with human users through natural language processing technology. ChatGPT has broad applications in customer service, educational tutoring, entertainment interactions, and more. It can understand complex queries and commands, producing fluid, coherent natural language responses. The system can remember conversation history and comprehend contextual information, thus providing accurate and relevant responses across multiple rounds of dialog. Additionally, it supports multiple languages, serving global users. ChatGPT not only understands and responds to factual questions but also simulates emotional interactions, offering a more humanized communication experience. By continuously learning from user feedback and dialog data, ChatGPT can self-optimize to enhance dialog quality and user experience. ChatGPT has been widely applied in various fields, becoming a revolutionary tool. In customer service, it significantly improves response speed and efficiency by automatically answering common questions. In the education sector, ChatGPT acts as an intelligent tutoring assistant, offering personalized learning advice and materials to help students enhance their learning efficiency. Moreover, it assists in content creation, helping users write articles, reports, and creative writing. In entertainment and social media, ChatGPT generates creatively interactive content, bringing a new interactive experience to users. These application scenarios demonstrate ChatGPT's powerful capabilities in understanding and generating natural language, as well as its enormous potential in improving human–computer interaction, boosting work efficiency, and enriching people's lives. The exploration of ChatGPT’s impacts has been extensive, yet existing research predominantly focuses on technical aspects and societal implications, leaving a notable gap in understanding its effects on human–computer interaction and user psychology. While prior studies have elucidated the technical architecture of ChatGPT and its broader societal implications, there remains a scarcity of research examining its nuanced effects on the dynamics of human–computer interaction and the psychological responses of users. Based on the above background, this paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of ChatGPT in the fields of HCI, psychology, and society. Section 2 elaborates on the research purpose, detailing the research objectives and key research questions: How does ChatGPT impact human–computer interaction? What are the psychological effects of interacting with ChatGPT? Section 3, Methodology, describes the research methods employed, including data collection techniques and the inclusion and exclusion criteria used to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies. In Section 4, Technical Description, we explore the technical evolution of ChatGPT and its breakthroughs in the HCI field, highlighting its development history and the changes and impacts it has brought to natural language interaction. Section 5, Psychological Implications, examines the effects of ChatGPT on psychological support, emotional regulation, and social relationships, analyzing its influence on both human-to-human and human–machine interactions. Section 6, Social Implications, discusses the opportunities presented by ChatGPT in education,