This report by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) explores the use of AI chatbots in healthcare, particularly in primary care and specialist care. The report highlights the growing adoption of AI chatbots for patient use, which can provide 24/7 access to health information, including symptom assessment, medication reminders, and appointment scheduling. While chatbots offer convenience and efficiency, the clinical evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. Ethical and data privacy concerns are also addressed, emphasizing the need for human oversight and the development of ethical frameworks to ensure safe and effective use. The report reviews existing literature on the efficacy of chatbots in various healthcare settings, noting that while user satisfaction is high, more research is needed to establish their role in standard care. Additionally, the report discusses the potential for chatbots to exacerbate access disparities, particularly for those with limited digital literacy or access to technology. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of standardized evaluation methods and the need for comprehensive plans to secure sensitive personal information.This report by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) explores the use of AI chatbots in healthcare, particularly in primary care and specialist care. The report highlights the growing adoption of AI chatbots for patient use, which can provide 24/7 access to health information, including symptom assessment, medication reminders, and appointment scheduling. While chatbots offer convenience and efficiency, the clinical evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. Ethical and data privacy concerns are also addressed, emphasizing the need for human oversight and the development of ethical frameworks to ensure safe and effective use. The report reviews existing literature on the efficacy of chatbots in various healthcare settings, noting that while user satisfaction is high, more research is needed to establish their role in standard care. Additionally, the report discusses the potential for chatbots to exacerbate access disparities, particularly for those with limited digital literacy or access to technology. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of standardized evaluation methods and the need for comprehensive plans to secure sensitive personal information.