Chemical induction of sperm abnormalities in mice

Chemical induction of sperm abnormalities in mice

November 1975 | A. J. Wyrobek AND W. R. Bruce
This study examines the effects of 25 chemicals on sperm abnormalities in mice. The mice were exposed to these chemicals through subacute treatment, and sperm abnormalities were assessed at 1, 4, and 10 weeks post-exposure. The results show that several chemicals, including methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, griseofulvin, benzo[a]pyrene, METEPA, THIOTEPA, mitomycin C, myleran, vinblastine sulphate, hydroxyurea, 3-methylcholanthrene, colchicine, actinomycin D, imuran, cyclophosphamide, 5-iododeoxyuridine, dichlorvos, aminopterin, and trimethylphosphate, caused an increase in abnormal sperm shapes compared to control values. In contrast, dimethylnitrosamine, urethane, DDT, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, caffeine, and calcium cyclamate did not induce significant abnormalities. The study suggests that sperm abnormalities could serve as a rapid and inexpensive method for screening chemicals that may cause errors in spermatogenic stem cell differentiation, potentially indicating mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic properties. The results also show that dose-effect curves can be readily obtained, and that measuring sperm abnormality frequency may provide a simple assay for harmful chemical agents. The study highlights the importance of developing rapid methods for screening chemicals for mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties in mammals, as current methods are time-consuming and require large numbers of animals. The findings indicate that sperm abnormalities may be a useful indicator of the effects of various chemicals on spermatogenesis. The study also discusses the possible mechanisms behind the observed abnormalities, including genetic and non-genetic factors, and suggests that further research is needed to determine the relative importance of these factors in the induction of sperm abnormalities.This study examines the effects of 25 chemicals on sperm abnormalities in mice. The mice were exposed to these chemicals through subacute treatment, and sperm abnormalities were assessed at 1, 4, and 10 weeks post-exposure. The results show that several chemicals, including methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, griseofulvin, benzo[a]pyrene, METEPA, THIOTEPA, mitomycin C, myleran, vinblastine sulphate, hydroxyurea, 3-methylcholanthrene, colchicine, actinomycin D, imuran, cyclophosphamide, 5-iododeoxyuridine, dichlorvos, aminopterin, and trimethylphosphate, caused an increase in abnormal sperm shapes compared to control values. In contrast, dimethylnitrosamine, urethane, DDT, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, caffeine, and calcium cyclamate did not induce significant abnormalities. The study suggests that sperm abnormalities could serve as a rapid and inexpensive method for screening chemicals that may cause errors in spermatogenic stem cell differentiation, potentially indicating mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic properties. The results also show that dose-effect curves can be readily obtained, and that measuring sperm abnormality frequency may provide a simple assay for harmful chemical agents. The study highlights the importance of developing rapid methods for screening chemicals for mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties in mammals, as current methods are time-consuming and require large numbers of animals. The findings indicate that sperm abnormalities may be a useful indicator of the effects of various chemicals on spermatogenesis. The study also discusses the possible mechanisms behind the observed abnormalities, including genetic and non-genetic factors, and suggests that further research is needed to determine the relative importance of these factors in the induction of sperm abnormalities.
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[slides and audio] Chemical induction of sperm abnormalities in mice.