The review by Kong et al. explores the chemically mediated interactions between plants, focusing on allelopathy and allelobiosis. Allelopathy involves the release of allelochemicals by plants to inhibit the growth of neighboring plants, while allelobiosis involves the transmission of signaling chemicals that affect the growth and defense strategies of coexisting plants. These interactions are mediated by specialized metabolites and can be positive or negative, influencing plant coexistence and community assembly. The authors highlight the importance of allelopathy and allelobiosis in sustainable agriculture and forestry, discussing their applications in weed management and forest regeneration. They also delve into the molecular mechanisms and biosynthesis of allelochemicals, emphasizing the role of root exudates and soil interactions. The review underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of these interactions to enhance ecological and agricultural practices.The review by Kong et al. explores the chemically mediated interactions between plants, focusing on allelopathy and allelobiosis. Allelopathy involves the release of allelochemicals by plants to inhibit the growth of neighboring plants, while allelobiosis involves the transmission of signaling chemicals that affect the growth and defense strategies of coexisting plants. These interactions are mediated by specialized metabolites and can be positive or negative, influencing plant coexistence and community assembly. The authors highlight the importance of allelopathy and allelobiosis in sustainable agriculture and forestry, discussing their applications in weed management and forest regeneration. They also delve into the molecular mechanisms and biosynthesis of allelochemicals, emphasizing the role of root exudates and soil interactions. The review underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of these interactions to enhance ecological and agricultural practices.