Child and adolescent obesity is a growing global health issue, with significant increases in overweight and obesity rates observed in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen substantially in less than a generation, with some low- and middle-income countries experiencing even more rapid increases. This rise is concerning, as it coincides with ongoing issues of undernutrition and stunting, which may contribute to the growing obesity epidemic. The article highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to address childhood obesity, including promoting healthy growth, ensuring household nutrition security, and protecting children from sedentary behaviors and unhealthy food marketing. Effective interventions to prevent childhood obesity require a multi-faceted approach, involving schools, communities, and families. Research indicates that interventions focusing on meals, classroom activities, sports, and play can be more effective than single-component strategies. However, the evidence base for interventions in low- and middle-income countries is limited, and there is a need for more research to test the effectiveness of these strategies in diverse settings. The cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions is also a key consideration for policymakers. While some interventions have shown cost-effectiveness, the long-term health benefits and economic impacts of reducing childhood obesity are not fully understood. The article emphasizes the importance of considering the broader health implications of childhood obesity, including the potential for reduced quality of life, social discrimination, and lower academic and economic productivity. Nutrition policies must address both undernutrition and overnutrition, ensuring that children receive a balanced diet that supports healthy growth and development. The article calls for policies that promote healthy food environments, regulate the marketing of unhealthy foods, and protect children from the negative influences of commercial food markets. It also highlights the need for international cooperation and the development of strong, evidence-based policies to address the complex challenges of childhood obesity. Overall, the article underscores the urgent need for coordinated efforts to tackle childhood obesity, emphasizing the importance of integrated nutrition policies, improved food environments, and the protection of children from harmful marketing practices. These measures are essential to ensure the health and well-being of children in the face of growing obesity and undernutrition challenges.Child and adolescent obesity is a growing global health issue, with significant increases in overweight and obesity rates observed in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen substantially in less than a generation, with some low- and middle-income countries experiencing even more rapid increases. This rise is concerning, as it coincides with ongoing issues of undernutrition and stunting, which may contribute to the growing obesity epidemic. The article highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to address childhood obesity, including promoting healthy growth, ensuring household nutrition security, and protecting children from sedentary behaviors and unhealthy food marketing. Effective interventions to prevent childhood obesity require a multi-faceted approach, involving schools, communities, and families. Research indicates that interventions focusing on meals, classroom activities, sports, and play can be more effective than single-component strategies. However, the evidence base for interventions in low- and middle-income countries is limited, and there is a need for more research to test the effectiveness of these strategies in diverse settings. The cost-effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions is also a key consideration for policymakers. While some interventions have shown cost-effectiveness, the long-term health benefits and economic impacts of reducing childhood obesity are not fully understood. The article emphasizes the importance of considering the broader health implications of childhood obesity, including the potential for reduced quality of life, social discrimination, and lower academic and economic productivity. Nutrition policies must address both undernutrition and overnutrition, ensuring that children receive a balanced diet that supports healthy growth and development. The article calls for policies that promote healthy food environments, regulate the marketing of unhealthy foods, and protect children from the negative influences of commercial food markets. It also highlights the need for international cooperation and the development of strong, evidence-based policies to address the complex challenges of childhood obesity. Overall, the article underscores the urgent need for coordinated efforts to tackle childhood obesity, emphasizing the importance of integrated nutrition policies, improved food environments, and the protection of children from harmful marketing practices. These measures are essential to ensure the health and well-being of children in the face of growing obesity and undernutrition challenges.