The American Cancer Society provides estimates of new cancer cases and deaths for children and adolescents in the United States, based on data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. In 2014, an estimated 15,780 new cancer cases and 1,960 deaths are expected among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. The annual incidence rate is 186.6 per million children. Approximately 1 in 285 children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 20, and 1 in 530 young adults aged 20-39 are childhood cancer survivors. Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors are at risk for long-term and late effects, and most pediatric and primary care practices will be involved in their care. The article summarizes the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival for children and adolescents, including risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and long-term effects for common pediatric cancers. It also discusses trends in incidence, mortality, and survival, noting a slight annual increase in pediatric cancer incidence since 1975, with some cancers showing significant increases or decreases in incidence rates. Mortality rates have declined steadily, with the steepest declines in Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Five-year survival rates for many childhood cancers have improved significantly due to advances in treatment and supportive care. The article also discusses the risk factors for childhood cancer, including ionizing radiation, birth weight, and parental smoking. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, as well as the long-term effects of cancer treatment, including neurocognitive defects, growth deficiency, and an increased risk of second cancers. The article provides detailed information on various types of childhood cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, brain and CNS tumors, embryonal tumors, sarcomas, and gonadal germ cell tumors. It also discusses the treatment options, survival rates, and long-term effects for each type of cancer. The article concludes with a summary of the most important findings and recommendations for future research and treatment.The American Cancer Society provides estimates of new cancer cases and deaths for children and adolescents in the United States, based on data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. In 2014, an estimated 15,780 new cancer cases and 1,960 deaths are expected among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. The annual incidence rate is 186.6 per million children. Approximately 1 in 285 children will be diagnosed with cancer before age 20, and 1 in 530 young adults aged 20-39 are childhood cancer survivors. Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors are at risk for long-term and late effects, and most pediatric and primary care practices will be involved in their care. The article summarizes the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival for children and adolescents, including risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and long-term effects for common pediatric cancers. It also discusses trends in incidence, mortality, and survival, noting a slight annual increase in pediatric cancer incidence since 1975, with some cancers showing significant increases or decreases in incidence rates. Mortality rates have declined steadily, with the steepest declines in Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Five-year survival rates for many childhood cancers have improved significantly due to advances in treatment and supportive care. The article also discusses the risk factors for childhood cancer, including ionizing radiation, birth weight, and parental smoking. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, as well as the long-term effects of cancer treatment, including neurocognitive defects, growth deficiency, and an increased risk of second cancers. The article provides detailed information on various types of childhood cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, brain and CNS tumors, embryonal tumors, sarcomas, and gonadal germ cell tumors. It also discusses the treatment options, survival rates, and long-term effects for each type of cancer. The article concludes with a summary of the most important findings and recommendations for future research and treatment.