Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in both developed and developing countries, significantly impacting children's physical and psychological health. Overweight and obese children are more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. The mechanisms of obesity development are complex, involving multiple causes such as environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environments. While increased caloric and fat intake are key factors, excessive sugar consumption, larger portion sizes, and reduced physical activity are also major contributors. Childhood obesity can lead to poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and a lower quality of life. It is associated with various co-morbid conditions, including metabolic, cardiovascular, orthopedic, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal disorders. The article explores the causes of childhood obesity, including genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, and discusses the psychological and socio-emotional consequences, such as depression, anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. It emphasizes the importance of a combined diet and physical activity intervention in communities and schools to prevent obesity and promote healthier lifestyles.Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in both developed and developing countries, significantly impacting children's physical and psychological health. Overweight and obese children are more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. The mechanisms of obesity development are complex, involving multiple causes such as environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environments. While increased caloric and fat intake are key factors, excessive sugar consumption, larger portion sizes, and reduced physical activity are also major contributors. Childhood obesity can lead to poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and a lower quality of life. It is associated with various co-morbid conditions, including metabolic, cardiovascular, orthopedic, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal disorders. The article explores the causes of childhood obesity, including genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, and discusses the psychological and socio-emotional consequences, such as depression, anxiety, and body dissatisfaction. It emphasizes the importance of a combined diet and physical activity intervention in communities and schools to prevent obesity and promote healthier lifestyles.