This review article discusses the application of synthetic biology in engineering plant root systems and their associated microbiota to enhance crop resilience and sustainability in the face of climate change. It highlights the potential of synthetic genetic circuits to control root architecture, exudation, and microbial interactions, enabling the development of climate-ready crops. The article outlines the challenges and opportunities in using synthetic biology to modify root systems, including the need for precise genetic tools to regulate gene expression in space and time. It also explores the use of synthetic biology in engineering rhizobacteria to improve plant performance and soil carbon sequestration. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding root architecture, rhizodeposition, and root-microbe interactions to design effective synthetic circuits. It discusses various approaches to engineering root systems, including the use of transcription factors, recombinases, and buffer gates to control gene expression. The article also covers the engineering of root systems for water and nutrient uptake, root system size, gravity setpoint angle, and the selective uptake of solutes from soil. Additionally, it explores the role of root exudates in shaping the rhizosphere microbiome and the potential of synthetic biology in engineering microbial communities for sustainable agriculture. The review concludes with a discussion of future perspectives, including the challenges and opportunities in applying synthetic biology to crops and the need for regulatory frameworks to ensure the safe deployment of engineered microbes in the environment.This review article discusses the application of synthetic biology in engineering plant root systems and their associated microbiota to enhance crop resilience and sustainability in the face of climate change. It highlights the potential of synthetic genetic circuits to control root architecture, exudation, and microbial interactions, enabling the development of climate-ready crops. The article outlines the challenges and opportunities in using synthetic biology to modify root systems, including the need for precise genetic tools to regulate gene expression in space and time. It also explores the use of synthetic biology in engineering rhizobacteria to improve plant performance and soil carbon sequestration. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding root architecture, rhizodeposition, and root-microbe interactions to design effective synthetic circuits. It discusses various approaches to engineering root systems, including the use of transcription factors, recombinases, and buffer gates to control gene expression. The article also covers the engineering of root systems for water and nutrient uptake, root system size, gravity setpoint angle, and the selective uptake of solutes from soil. Additionally, it explores the role of root exudates in shaping the rhizosphere microbiome and the potential of synthetic biology in engineering microbial communities for sustainable agriculture. The review concludes with a discussion of future perspectives, including the challenges and opportunities in applying synthetic biology to crops and the need for regulatory frameworks to ensure the safe deployment of engineered microbes in the environment.