The article discusses the potential of synthetic biology to engineer root architecture and rhizosphere interactions to enhance plant resilience and sustainability in the face of climate change. Synthetic genetic circuits have enabled precise control over gene expression in plants, allowing for the manipulation of root structure, exudation, and microbe activity. Key strategies include modifying gene expression patterns to control root branching, gravity setpoint angle, and suberin deposition, as well as engineering rhizobacteria to improve crop performance. The article highlights the challenges and recent advances in these areas, such as the development of synthetic transcription factors and DNA recombination-based circuits. It also explores the role of root cap development, mucilage release, and root metabolite exudation in modulating the rhizosphere environment. Additionally, the article discusses the engineering of rhizobacteria to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient acquisition, and carbon sequestration. The future perspectives section emphasizes the need for further research to overcome bottlenecks and establish regulatory frameworks for the deployment of synthetic biology in agriculture.The article discusses the potential of synthetic biology to engineer root architecture and rhizosphere interactions to enhance plant resilience and sustainability in the face of climate change. Synthetic genetic circuits have enabled precise control over gene expression in plants, allowing for the manipulation of root structure, exudation, and microbe activity. Key strategies include modifying gene expression patterns to control root branching, gravity setpoint angle, and suberin deposition, as well as engineering rhizobacteria to improve crop performance. The article highlights the challenges and recent advances in these areas, such as the development of synthetic transcription factors and DNA recombination-based circuits. It also explores the role of root cap development, mucilage release, and root metabolite exudation in modulating the rhizosphere environment. Additionally, the article discusses the engineering of rhizobacteria to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, nutrient acquisition, and carbon sequestration. The future perspectives section emphasizes the need for further research to overcome bottlenecks and establish regulatory frameworks for the deployment of synthetic biology in agriculture.