Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, affecting 697.5 million people and contributing to 35.8 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 1.2 million deaths in 2017. The mortality rate for CKD has increased by 41.5% between 1990 and 2017, making it a major cause of global mortality. CKD is associated with various health complications, including cardiovascular, neurological, nutritional, and endocrine issues. One prominent complication is CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD), characterized by dysregulation of bone turnover, mineralization, and strength, accompanied by soft tissue and vascular calcification (VC). Alterations in mineral metabolism, such as calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), and Klotho, play crucial roles in CKD-MBD. These disturbances contribute to the progression of bone disorders and renal osteodystrophy (ROD). VC is a key component of CKD-MBD, accelerated by CKD, and is closely linked to cardiovascular events and mortality. Various serum markers and imaging techniques, including lateral plain X-ray, Kauppila Score, Adragao Score, pulse wave velocity, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), aid in VC detection. CKD poses a substantial global health burden, and its complications, including CKD-MBD and VC, significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Understanding the intricate relationships between mineral metabolism, bone disorders, and vascular calcification is crucial for effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue, affecting 697.5 million people and contributing to 35.8 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 1.2 million deaths in 2017. The mortality rate for CKD has increased by 41.5% between 1990 and 2017, making it a major cause of global mortality. CKD is associated with various health complications, including cardiovascular, neurological, nutritional, and endocrine issues. One prominent complication is CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD), characterized by dysregulation of bone turnover, mineralization, and strength, accompanied by soft tissue and vascular calcification (VC). Alterations in mineral metabolism, such as calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), and Klotho, play crucial roles in CKD-MBD. These disturbances contribute to the progression of bone disorders and renal osteodystrophy (ROD). VC is a key component of CKD-MBD, accelerated by CKD, and is closely linked to cardiovascular events and mortality. Various serum markers and imaging techniques, including lateral plain X-ray, Kauppila Score, Adragao Score, pulse wave velocity, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), aid in VC detection. CKD poses a substantial global health burden, and its complications, including CKD-MBD and VC, significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Understanding the intricate relationships between mineral metabolism, bone disorders, and vascular calcification is crucial for effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.