Chronic pain is a common complication following various surgical procedures, including amputation, breast surgery, gallbladder surgery, lung surgery, and inguinal hernia surgery. This review summarizes the predictive factors for chronic postoperative pain and highlights the importance of identifying these factors to develop effective prevention strategies. The study analyzed data from multiple surgical procedures, focusing on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors that may contribute to the development of chronic pain. Preoperative factors such as preoperative pain, psychological vulnerability, and preoperative anxiety are significant predictors of chronic pain. Intraoperative factors, including nerve damage and surgical techniques, also play a role in the development of chronic pain. Postoperative factors, such as the intensity of acute pain and the use of adjuvant therapies like radiation or chemotherapy, are also associated with chronic pain outcomes. The review found that chronic pain after surgery is often linked to nerve damage, particularly in the context of breast surgery, thoracic surgery, and amputation. The severity of acute postoperative pain is a strong predictor of chronic pain, especially in breast and thoracic surgeries. Additionally, psychological factors such as preoperative anxiety and depression are associated with an increased risk of chronic pain. Despite these findings, the review notes that there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of acute pain management in preventing chronic pain. The study also highlights the need for further research to better understand the transition from acute to chronic pain and to develop more effective early interventions. Overall, the review emphasizes the importance of addressing chronic pain following surgery to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on society.Chronic pain is a common complication following various surgical procedures, including amputation, breast surgery, gallbladder surgery, lung surgery, and inguinal hernia surgery. This review summarizes the predictive factors for chronic postoperative pain and highlights the importance of identifying these factors to develop effective prevention strategies. The study analyzed data from multiple surgical procedures, focusing on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors that may contribute to the development of chronic pain. Preoperative factors such as preoperative pain, psychological vulnerability, and preoperative anxiety are significant predictors of chronic pain. Intraoperative factors, including nerve damage and surgical techniques, also play a role in the development of chronic pain. Postoperative factors, such as the intensity of acute pain and the use of adjuvant therapies like radiation or chemotherapy, are also associated with chronic pain outcomes. The review found that chronic pain after surgery is often linked to nerve damage, particularly in the context of breast surgery, thoracic surgery, and amputation. The severity of acute postoperative pain is a strong predictor of chronic pain, especially in breast and thoracic surgeries. Additionally, psychological factors such as preoperative anxiety and depression are associated with an increased risk of chronic pain. Despite these findings, the review notes that there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of acute pain management in preventing chronic pain. The study also highlights the need for further research to better understand the transition from acute to chronic pain and to develop more effective early interventions. Overall, the review emphasizes the importance of addressing chronic pain following surgery to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on society.