The article reviews the incidence and predictive factors of chronic pain following various surgical procedures, including limb amputations, breast surgery, gallbladder surgery, lung surgery, and inguinal hernia surgery. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the natural history of chronic postoperative pain to develop effective prevention strategies. They outline the ideal components of studies on chronic postoperative pain, such as preoperative data, detailed descriptions of surgical approaches, acute postoperative pain management, and long-term follow-up. The review identifies several predictive factors for chronic pain, including preoperative pain, nerve damage during surgery, and the intensity of acute postoperative pain. The article also discusses the role of psychosocial factors, such as psychological vulnerability, in the development of chronic pain. Despite the high incidence of chronic pain after these surgeries, the authors note significant variability in the incidence among different procedures. They conclude by highlighting the need for further research to better understand the transition from acute to chronic pain and to design more effective early interventions.The article reviews the incidence and predictive factors of chronic pain following various surgical procedures, including limb amputations, breast surgery, gallbladder surgery, lung surgery, and inguinal hernia surgery. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding the natural history of chronic postoperative pain to develop effective prevention strategies. They outline the ideal components of studies on chronic postoperative pain, such as preoperative data, detailed descriptions of surgical approaches, acute postoperative pain management, and long-term follow-up. The review identifies several predictive factors for chronic pain, including preoperative pain, nerve damage during surgery, and the intensity of acute postoperative pain. The article also discusses the role of psychosocial factors, such as psychological vulnerability, in the development of chronic pain. Despite the high incidence of chronic pain after these surgeries, the authors note significant variability in the incidence among different procedures. They conclude by highlighting the need for further research to better understand the transition from acute to chronic pain and to design more effective early interventions.