Chronic stress induces contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling in hippocampal and amygdaloid neurons. The study compared two chronic stress models—chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)—in rats. CIS caused dendritic atrophy in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons, while CUS had less effect. In contrast, CIS induced dendritic hypertrophy in basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons, particularly in pyramidal and stellate neurons. CUS, however, caused dendritic atrophy in BLA bipolar/bitufted neurons. These findings suggest that different stress models affect distinct neuronal populations in the hippocampus and amygdala. CIS also induced greater anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze compared to CUS. The study highlights the differential effects of chronic stress on hippocampal and amygdala neurons, with implications for stress-related disorders. The results indicate that chronic stress can lead to structural changes in these brain regions, potentially contributing to behavioral and emotional responses. The study also emphasizes the importance of examining the effects of chronic stress at the level of individual neurons to understand its impact on behavior and mental health.Chronic stress induces contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling in hippocampal and amygdaloid neurons. The study compared two chronic stress models—chronic immobilization stress (CIS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)—in rats. CIS caused dendritic atrophy in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons, while CUS had less effect. In contrast, CIS induced dendritic hypertrophy in basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons, particularly in pyramidal and stellate neurons. CUS, however, caused dendritic atrophy in BLA bipolar/bitufted neurons. These findings suggest that different stress models affect distinct neuronal populations in the hippocampus and amygdala. CIS also induced greater anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze compared to CUS. The study highlights the differential effects of chronic stress on hippocampal and amygdala neurons, with implications for stress-related disorders. The results indicate that chronic stress can lead to structural changes in these brain regions, potentially contributing to behavioral and emotional responses. The study also emphasizes the importance of examining the effects of chronic stress at the level of individual neurons to understand its impact on behavior and mental health.