Circ-ZNF609 Is a Circular RNA that Can Be Translated and Functions in Myogenesis

Circ-ZNF609 Is a Circular RNA that Can Be Translated and Functions in Myogenesis

Volume 66 | Ivano Legnini, Gaia Di Timoteo, Francesca Rossi, Mariangela Morlando, Francesca Briganti, Olga Sthandier, Alessandro Fatica, Tiziana Santini, Adrian Andronache, Mark Wade, Pietro Laneve, Nikolaus Rajewsky, and Irene Bozzoni
The supplemental information provides detailed experimental validation and analysis of circular RNA (circRNA) ZNF609 in myogenesis. Key points include: 1. **RNAseq Analysis**: Figure S1 shows RNAseq data from human and mouse myoblasts and myotubes, highlighting gene expression changes and correlation between replicates. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR validation of myogenic markers are also presented. 2. **Circularized Exons**: The study identifies circ-CDYL, circ-QKI, and circ-ZNF609 as circularized exons. Rolling circle RT-PCR and melting curve analysis validate these circRNAs. 3. **qRT-PCR Validation**: qRT-PCR is used to validate the expression of selected circRNAs in human and mouse myoblasts and myotubes. 4. **Oligo dT Purification**: Oligo dT purification of total RNA is compared with random priming, showing the recovery of circular and linear isoforms. 5. **Subcellular Localization**: RT-PCR is used to determine the subcellular localization of selected circRNAs, confirming their presence in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. 6. **Knock-down Screening**: A high-throughput screening experiment is conducted to knock down circRNAs and linear mRNAs, with validation of the knock-down efficiency and phenotypic effects. 7. **Circ-ZNF609 Phenotype Validation**: The phenotype of circ-ZNF609 knock-down in mouse cells is validated, showing reduced BrdU incorporation and altered gene expression. 8. **Association with Polysomes**: Circ-ZNF609 is shown to associate with polysomes, indicating its potential for translation. 9. **Translation of Circ-ZNF609**: Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrate the production of proteins by circ-ZNF609, and Northern blot and RT-PCR confirm the presence of the tagged circRNA in neural differentiated cells. 10. **m6A CLIP Sites**: m6A CLIP sites in circ-ZNF609 are identified and validated, showing their presence in C2C12 myoblasts. The supplemental information supports the functional role of circ-ZNF609 in myogenesis and its potential for translation and regulation.The supplemental information provides detailed experimental validation and analysis of circular RNA (circRNA) ZNF609 in myogenesis. Key points include: 1. **RNAseq Analysis**: Figure S1 shows RNAseq data from human and mouse myoblasts and myotubes, highlighting gene expression changes and correlation between replicates. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR validation of myogenic markers are also presented. 2. **Circularized Exons**: The study identifies circ-CDYL, circ-QKI, and circ-ZNF609 as circularized exons. Rolling circle RT-PCR and melting curve analysis validate these circRNAs. 3. **qRT-PCR Validation**: qRT-PCR is used to validate the expression of selected circRNAs in human and mouse myoblasts and myotubes. 4. **Oligo dT Purification**: Oligo dT purification of total RNA is compared with random priming, showing the recovery of circular and linear isoforms. 5. **Subcellular Localization**: RT-PCR is used to determine the subcellular localization of selected circRNAs, confirming their presence in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. 6. **Knock-down Screening**: A high-throughput screening experiment is conducted to knock down circRNAs and linear mRNAs, with validation of the knock-down efficiency and phenotypic effects. 7. **Circ-ZNF609 Phenotype Validation**: The phenotype of circ-ZNF609 knock-down in mouse cells is validated, showing reduced BrdU incorporation and altered gene expression. 8. **Association with Polysomes**: Circ-ZNF609 is shown to associate with polysomes, indicating its potential for translation. 9. **Translation of Circ-ZNF609**: Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrate the production of proteins by circ-ZNF609, and Northern blot and RT-PCR confirm the presence of the tagged circRNA in neural differentiated cells. 10. **m6A CLIP Sites**: m6A CLIP sites in circ-ZNF609 are identified and validated, showing their presence in C2C12 myoblasts. The supplemental information supports the functional role of circ-ZNF609 in myogenesis and its potential for translation and regulation.
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