This review explores the intricate relationships between circadian rhythms, chrononutrition, physical training, and redox homeostasis in human health. The circadian system, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, and immune responses. Disruptions in circadian rhythms, often caused by modern lifestyle factors such as irregular eating patterns, shift work, and light pollution, are linked to various health issues, including metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), can disrupt cellular functions and contribute to disease development. Physical exercise, a potent environmental signal, can influence circadian rhythms and redox homeostasis, with its effects varying depending on the time of day and intensity. Exercise can also induce phase-shifting effects on circadian clocks, potentially improving metabolic health and muscle function. Chrononutrition, the timing of food intake relative to circadian rhythms, is also critical for metabolic health, as nutrient availability and meal timing can affect glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and antioxidant defenses. Melatonin, a key regulator of circadian rhythms and sleep, also plays a role in maintaining redox homeostasis by scavenging ROS and RNS. The interplay between physical activity, hormones, and mood is complex, with exercise influencing the release and action of various hormones, including cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin, which can impact mood, stress responses, and muscle recovery. Overall, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms, redox homeostasis, and their interactions with physical training and nutrition is essential for promoting human health and preventing disease.This review explores the intricate relationships between circadian rhythms, chrononutrition, physical training, and redox homeostasis in human health. The circadian system, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological and behavioral processes, including sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, and immune responses. Disruptions in circadian rhythms, often caused by modern lifestyle factors such as irregular eating patterns, shift work, and light pollution, are linked to various health issues, including metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), can disrupt cellular functions and contribute to disease development. Physical exercise, a potent environmental signal, can influence circadian rhythms and redox homeostasis, with its effects varying depending on the time of day and intensity. Exercise can also induce phase-shifting effects on circadian clocks, potentially improving metabolic health and muscle function. Chrononutrition, the timing of food intake relative to circadian rhythms, is also critical for metabolic health, as nutrient availability and meal timing can affect glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and antioxidant defenses. Melatonin, a key regulator of circadian rhythms and sleep, also plays a role in maintaining redox homeostasis by scavenging ROS and RNS. The interplay between physical activity, hormones, and mood is complex, with exercise influencing the release and action of various hormones, including cortisol, growth hormone, and insulin, which can impact mood, stress responses, and muscle recovery. Overall, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms, redox homeostasis, and their interactions with physical training and nutrition is essential for promoting human health and preventing disease.