This comprehensive review explores the systematic study of circadian typology (CT), which classifies individuals into three chronotypes: morning-type (MT), neither-type (NT), and evening-type (ET). The review examines the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures, as well as individual, environmental, and genetic factors influencing CT. It discusses biological markers such as sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, cortisol, and melatonin, and their implications for CT and adjustment to shift work and jet lag. The review also reviews differences in cognitive abilities, personality traits, and psychiatric disorders associated with CT. Methodological limitations are highlighted, and suggestions are made for future research to overcome these limitations. The review underscores the importance of integrating chronobiological aspects into various professional fields to improve understanding and practice.This comprehensive review explores the systematic study of circadian typology (CT), which classifies individuals into three chronotypes: morning-type (MT), neither-type (NT), and evening-type (ET). The review examines the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures, as well as individual, environmental, and genetic factors influencing CT. It discusses biological markers such as sleep-wake cycles, body temperature, cortisol, and melatonin, and their implications for CT and adjustment to shift work and jet lag. The review also reviews differences in cognitive abilities, personality traits, and psychiatric disorders associated with CT. Methodological limitations are highlighted, and suggestions are made for future research to overcome these limitations. The review underscores the importance of integrating chronobiological aspects into various professional fields to improve understanding and practice.