The article by Claude Millet provides a comprehensive analysis of the circulation in the Western Mediterranean Sea, focusing on the mesoscale phenomena that significantly influence the circulation patterns. The study highlights the importance of remote sensing and current measurements in understanding the circulation, particularly in areas where traditional current charts, which are over twenty years old, may not accurately reflect the current dynamics. Key findings include: 1. **Atlantic Water Circulation**: The anticyclonic gyre in the Western Alboran Sea is highly variable in extent, shape, strength, and location. In the Algerian Basin, anticyclonic eddies of various sizes are common, affecting the circulation and forming upwelling cells that are biologically productive. 2. **Levantine Intermediate Water**: This water mass is primarily forced by buoyancy and flows cyclonically along the continental slope off Italy, France, and Spain. It is influenced by mesoscale eddies, which can trap it seaward. 3. **Mediterranean Deep Water**: Deep water formation occurs in the Gulf of Lions and the Liguro-Provencal Basin, with significant seasonal variability. The average circulation from these basins to the Strait of Gibraltar is weak, but intense mesoscale currents can occur during stormy periods. The article emphasizes the need for continued data collection and analysis, as well as the use of realistic models to better understand the circulation patterns. It also highlights the value of real-time remote data in guiding future experiments and research.The article by Claude Millet provides a comprehensive analysis of the circulation in the Western Mediterranean Sea, focusing on the mesoscale phenomena that significantly influence the circulation patterns. The study highlights the importance of remote sensing and current measurements in understanding the circulation, particularly in areas where traditional current charts, which are over twenty years old, may not accurately reflect the current dynamics. Key findings include: 1. **Atlantic Water Circulation**: The anticyclonic gyre in the Western Alboran Sea is highly variable in extent, shape, strength, and location. In the Algerian Basin, anticyclonic eddies of various sizes are common, affecting the circulation and forming upwelling cells that are biologically productive. 2. **Levantine Intermediate Water**: This water mass is primarily forced by buoyancy and flows cyclonically along the continental slope off Italy, France, and Spain. It is influenced by mesoscale eddies, which can trap it seaward. 3. **Mediterranean Deep Water**: Deep water formation occurs in the Gulf of Lions and the Liguro-Provencal Basin, with significant seasonal variability. The average circulation from these basins to the Strait of Gibraltar is weak, but intense mesoscale currents can occur during stormy periods. The article emphasizes the need for continued data collection and analysis, as well as the use of realistic models to better understand the circulation patterns. It also highlights the value of real-time remote data in guiding future experiments and research.