Cisplatin is a widely used platinum-based chemotherapy drug effective against various cancers, including bladder, head and neck, lung, ovarian, and testicular cancers. It works by crosslinking DNA, interfering with DNA repair, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, it has significant side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, and resistance is a major challenge. To overcome these issues, combination therapies with other drugs like carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and others are used. Carboplatin has lower toxicity and reduced nephrotoxicity but may cause myelosuppression. Other platinum compounds, such as oxaliplatin and ormaplatin, are also being explored. Cisplatin is used in combination with drugs like paclitaxel, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and vitamin D to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance. It is effective in treating lung, ovarian, breast, and brain cancers. Cisplatin's mechanism of action involves DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. It also modulates calcium signaling, protein kinase C, and MAPK pathways, which are critical for its cytotoxic effects. Resistance to cisplatin can be due to autophagy, DNA repair, and other mechanisms. Computational studies are helping to understand its interactions with DNA and design better analogs. Overall, cisplatin remains a key drug in cancer treatment, though its limitations necessitate the development of new strategies and combinations to improve outcomes.Cisplatin is a widely used platinum-based chemotherapy drug effective against various cancers, including bladder, head and neck, lung, ovarian, and testicular cancers. It works by crosslinking DNA, interfering with DNA repair, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, it has significant side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, and resistance is a major challenge. To overcome these issues, combination therapies with other drugs like carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and others are used. Carboplatin has lower toxicity and reduced nephrotoxicity but may cause myelosuppression. Other platinum compounds, such as oxaliplatin and ormaplatin, are also being explored. Cisplatin is used in combination with drugs like paclitaxel, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and vitamin D to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance. It is effective in treating lung, ovarian, breast, and brain cancers. Cisplatin's mechanism of action involves DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. It also modulates calcium signaling, protein kinase C, and MAPK pathways, which are critical for its cytotoxic effects. Resistance to cisplatin can be due to autophagy, DNA repair, and other mechanisms. Computational studies are helping to understand its interactions with DNA and design better analogs. Overall, cisplatin remains a key drug in cancer treatment, though its limitations necessitate the development of new strategies and combinations to improve outcomes.