Ralf Dahrendorf's book "Class and Class Conflict in an Industrial Society" revisits and修正了马克思的理论，重点分析了阶级冲突在工业社会中的表现。Dahrendorf认为，19世纪的社会学试图通过资本主义模型解释社会，强调变化和冲突，而20世纪的社会学则倾向于结构和功能的解释。他批评了马克思关于社会阶层的单一视角，主张社会上层和底层都是社会力量，而非仅限于“统治阶级”和“被统治阶级”。Dahrendorf认为，现代社会更加复杂，阶级不再是二元对立，而是存在多个阶层和利益集团。他强调了管理阶层和工会在缓和社会冲突中的作用，以及资本主义社会中出现的新模式。尽管存在冲突，但Dahrendorf认为，现代社会的主要冲突是自由社会与极权社会之间的斗争，自由社会需要通过经济正义来解决冲突。 John A. Howard's "Marketing Management: Analysis and Decision" is a comprehensive text for advanced marketing courses. It focuses on the dynamic aspects of decision-making in marketing, advocating an economic rather than accounting view of profit. Howard emphasizes the concept of contribution to profit for each factor to achieve long-term profit maximization. The book guides marketers in evaluating multiple alternatives based on profit criteria, coordinating internal and external forces within the company. The essence of marketing management, according to Howard, is the adaptation of marketing practices to the dynamic environment.Ralf Dahrendorf's book "Class and Class Conflict in an Industrial Society" revisits and修正了马克思的理论，重点分析了阶级冲突在工业社会中的表现。Dahrendorf认为，19世纪的社会学试图通过资本主义模型解释社会，强调变化和冲突，而20世纪的社会学则倾向于结构和功能的解释。他批评了马克思关于社会阶层的单一视角，主张社会上层和底层都是社会力量，而非仅限于“统治阶级”和“被统治阶级”。Dahrendorf认为，现代社会更加复杂，阶级不再是二元对立，而是存在多个阶层和利益集团。他强调了管理阶层和工会在缓和社会冲突中的作用，以及资本主义社会中出现的新模式。尽管存在冲突，但Dahrendorf认为，现代社会的主要冲突是自由社会与极权社会之间的斗争，自由社会需要通过经济正义来解决冲突。 John A. Howard's "Marketing Management: Analysis and Decision" is a comprehensive text for advanced marketing courses. It focuses on the dynamic aspects of decision-making in marketing, advocating an economic rather than accounting view of profit. Howard emphasizes the concept of contribution to profit for each factor to achieve long-term profit maximization. The book guides marketers in evaluating multiple alternatives based on profit criteria, coordinating internal and external forces within the company. The essence of marketing management, according to Howard, is the adaptation of marketing practices to the dynamic environment.