This study investigates how climate-driven disturbances, such as droughts, fires, and insect outbreaks, affect the sensitivity of forest gross primary productivity (GPP) to water stress. The research shows that severe droughts and fires significantly increase the sensitivity of GPP to water stress, while insect outbreaks have a less pronounced effect. The sensitivity of GPP to water stress is higher in hot and dry regions and lower in cold and wet regions. The study also finds that the sensitivity of GPP to water stress increases after disturbances, leading to reduced carbon uptake and increased risks to future terrestrial carbon sinks. The results highlight the importance of understanding how climate change impacts forest ecosystems and carbon sequestration. The study uses long-term remotely sensed GPP data and machine learning models to analyze the changes in drought sensitivity and their implications for carbon uptake. The findings suggest that intensifying disturbance regimes may further impact forest sustainability and carbon sequestration, increasing potential risks to future terrestrial carbon sinks and climate change mitigation. The study also identifies key factors influencing changes in drought sensitivity, including soil moisture trends, temperature, and radiation. The results have important implications for climate change mitigation strategies and the management of terrestrial ecosystems.This study investigates how climate-driven disturbances, such as droughts, fires, and insect outbreaks, affect the sensitivity of forest gross primary productivity (GPP) to water stress. The research shows that severe droughts and fires significantly increase the sensitivity of GPP to water stress, while insect outbreaks have a less pronounced effect. The sensitivity of GPP to water stress is higher in hot and dry regions and lower in cold and wet regions. The study also finds that the sensitivity of GPP to water stress increases after disturbances, leading to reduced carbon uptake and increased risks to future terrestrial carbon sinks. The results highlight the importance of understanding how climate change impacts forest ecosystems and carbon sequestration. The study uses long-term remotely sensed GPP data and machine learning models to analyze the changes in drought sensitivity and their implications for carbon uptake. The findings suggest that intensifying disturbance regimes may further impact forest sustainability and carbon sequestration, increasing potential risks to future terrestrial carbon sinks and climate change mitigation. The study also identifies key factors influencing changes in drought sensitivity, including soil moisture trends, temperature, and radiation. The results have important implications for climate change mitigation strategies and the management of terrestrial ecosystems.