Climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture, threatening food security through extreme weather events and altered environmental conditions. To address these challenges, the development of climate-resilient crops is essential. These crops are bred to withstand adverse conditions such as drought, heat, and soil salinity, ensuring stable yields under stress. The article discusses the importance of climate-resilient crops in the context of climate-smart agriculture, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices that reduce environmental impact and enhance food security. Climate change leads to increased variability in weather patterns, affecting crop growth and productivity. Plants face multiple stressors, including abiotic and biotic factors, which can interact in complex ways. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing crops that can adapt to changing environments. Modern plant breeding programs must incorporate advanced molecular technologies and field phenotyping techniques to improve crop resilience. The breeding of climate-resilient crops requires addressing genotype × environment interactions, which complicate the selection of superior genotypes. Strategies such as stratifying environments and selecting stable genotypes can help mitigate these challenges. Additionally, the use of genomic tools and high-throughput phenotyping is essential for efficient breeding programs. The article highlights the importance of crop domestication, focusing on wild and semi-domesticated plants that offer genetic diversity and resilience. These plants can provide valuable traits for improving staple crops. Examples of climate-resilient crops include pearl millet, sorghum, rye, amaranth, and quinoa, which are well-suited to various environmental conditions. In conclusion, the development of climate-resilient crops is a critical step in ensuring food security in the face of climate change. This requires collaboration between breeders, scientists, and engineers, as well as the application of advanced technologies to improve crop resilience and productivity.Climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture, threatening food security through extreme weather events and altered environmental conditions. To address these challenges, the development of climate-resilient crops is essential. These crops are bred to withstand adverse conditions such as drought, heat, and soil salinity, ensuring stable yields under stress. The article discusses the importance of climate-resilient crops in the context of climate-smart agriculture, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices that reduce environmental impact and enhance food security. Climate change leads to increased variability in weather patterns, affecting crop growth and productivity. Plants face multiple stressors, including abiotic and biotic factors, which can interact in complex ways. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing crops that can adapt to changing environments. Modern plant breeding programs must incorporate advanced molecular technologies and field phenotyping techniques to improve crop resilience. The breeding of climate-resilient crops requires addressing genotype × environment interactions, which complicate the selection of superior genotypes. Strategies such as stratifying environments and selecting stable genotypes can help mitigate these challenges. Additionally, the use of genomic tools and high-throughput phenotyping is essential for efficient breeding programs. The article highlights the importance of crop domestication, focusing on wild and semi-domesticated plants that offer genetic diversity and resilience. These plants can provide valuable traits for improving staple crops. Examples of climate-resilient crops include pearl millet, sorghum, rye, amaranth, and quinoa, which are well-suited to various environmental conditions. In conclusion, the development of climate-resilient crops is a critical step in ensuring food security in the face of climate change. This requires collaboration between breeders, scientists, and engineers, as well as the application of advanced technologies to improve crop resilience and productivity.