Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security, with extreme weather events and rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels affecting crop yields and quality. The United Nations is implementing the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiative to ensure food security, which includes breeding climate-resilient crops. These crops are designed to withstand multiple stress factors, such as drought, heat, and soil salinity, and maintain or increase yields under adverse conditions. Modern agriculture needs to diversify species and cultivars, incorporating new molecular technologies and field phenotyping techniques. Breeders must collaborate with scientists from various fields to address the challenges of climate change. The review highlights the importance of climate-resilient crops and outlines the strategies and challenges in plant breeding, emphasizing the need for advanced technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration.Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security, with extreme weather events and rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels affecting crop yields and quality. The United Nations is implementing the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiative to ensure food security, which includes breeding climate-resilient crops. These crops are designed to withstand multiple stress factors, such as drought, heat, and soil salinity, and maintain or increase yields under adverse conditions. Modern agriculture needs to diversify species and cultivars, incorporating new molecular technologies and field phenotyping techniques. Breeders must collaborate with scientists from various fields to address the challenges of climate change. The review highlights the importance of climate-resilient crops and outlines the strategies and challenges in plant breeding, emphasizing the need for advanced technologies and interdisciplinary collaboration.