The chapter discusses the complex interactions between climate change and food security, emphasizing the dynamic nature of food systems and their vulnerability to various stressors. Food systems encompass production, distribution, and consumption, and their vulnerability to climate change varies across regions and within societal groups. Climate change can affect food systems through direct impacts on crop production, such as changes in rainfall and temperature, and indirect effects on markets, food prices, and supply chain infrastructure. The relative importance of climate change for food security differs, with southern Africa being particularly vulnerable due to its frequent exposure to climatic shocks and long-term stresses. Other factors, such as labor issues and water availability, also play significant roles in some regions. The chapter highlights the need for a broader research framework that integrates socio-economic and environmental aspects to address food security concerns. Adaptation strategies, including increased food production, improved distribution, and enhanced economic access, are discussed, along with the environmental feedbacks that may result from these adaptations. The authors emphasize the importance of sustainable practices to mitigate further environmental degradation and ensure the long-term sustainability of food systems.The chapter discusses the complex interactions between climate change and food security, emphasizing the dynamic nature of food systems and their vulnerability to various stressors. Food systems encompass production, distribution, and consumption, and their vulnerability to climate change varies across regions and within societal groups. Climate change can affect food systems through direct impacts on crop production, such as changes in rainfall and temperature, and indirect effects on markets, food prices, and supply chain infrastructure. The relative importance of climate change for food security differs, with southern Africa being particularly vulnerable due to its frequent exposure to climatic shocks and long-term stresses. Other factors, such as labor issues and water availability, also play significant roles in some regions. The chapter highlights the need for a broader research framework that integrates socio-economic and environmental aspects to address food security concerns. Adaptation strategies, including increased food production, improved distribution, and enhanced economic access, are discussed, along with the environmental feedbacks that may result from these adaptations. The authors emphasize the importance of sustainable practices to mitigate further environmental degradation and ensure the long-term sustainability of food systems.