Climate change is increasingly affecting plant disease, with research showing that both genomic and ecological factors play key roles. Advances in gene expression analysis allow researchers to study how plants and pathogens respond to various stressors. At the individual plant level, experiments have begun to show how climate variables influence infection rates, though challenges remain due to pathosystem-specific differences. Models now incorporate more detailed climate predictions, and population-level studies suggest that the adaptive potential of plants and pathogens will be crucial in determining the impact of climate change on disease. Ecosystem ecologists are examining how plant disease influences ecosystem processes and how disease impacts scale from individual infections to broader ecological effects. Climate change is expected to alter the distribution and behavior of pathogens and their vectors, potentially increasing the spread of diseases. Elevated CO₂ levels may change plant structure and physiology, which could affect susceptibility to pathogens. Ozone exposure may also alter leaf surfaces, influencing pathogen attachment and infection. Drought stress can affect plant resistance to pathogens, and temperature changes may influence the effectiveness of resistance genes. Elevated CO₂ and ozone may also impact host resistance. Climate change may lead to shifts in plant populations and their ability to adapt, with implications for disease management. Pathogens and vectors may expand their ranges due to climate change, increasing the risk of new disease outbreaks. Microbial interactions in soil may be affected by climate change, influencing disease suppressiveness. Pathogen evolution rates are influenced by factors such as temperature and generation times, with potential for increased pathogen adaptation. Host-pathogen interactions may be affected by climate change, with implications for disease severity and management. Climate change is expected to increase the geographic range of pathogens and vectors, leading to new disease challenges. Disease management strategies may need to be adjusted to account for changing climate conditions. Models for predicting disease spread are being developed, incorporating climate variables and other factors. Ecosystem-level effects of plant disease are being studied, with implications for nutrient loss and ecosystem function. Overall, climate change is expected to have significant impacts on plant disease, requiring new approaches to disease management and research. Understanding the complex interactions between climate, plants, pathogens, and ecosystems is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change on plant disease.Climate change is increasingly affecting plant disease, with research showing that both genomic and ecological factors play key roles. Advances in gene expression analysis allow researchers to study how plants and pathogens respond to various stressors. At the individual plant level, experiments have begun to show how climate variables influence infection rates, though challenges remain due to pathosystem-specific differences. Models now incorporate more detailed climate predictions, and population-level studies suggest that the adaptive potential of plants and pathogens will be crucial in determining the impact of climate change on disease. Ecosystem ecologists are examining how plant disease influences ecosystem processes and how disease impacts scale from individual infections to broader ecological effects. Climate change is expected to alter the distribution and behavior of pathogens and their vectors, potentially increasing the spread of diseases. Elevated CO₂ levels may change plant structure and physiology, which could affect susceptibility to pathogens. Ozone exposure may also alter leaf surfaces, influencing pathogen attachment and infection. Drought stress can affect plant resistance to pathogens, and temperature changes may influence the effectiveness of resistance genes. Elevated CO₂ and ozone may also impact host resistance. Climate change may lead to shifts in plant populations and their ability to adapt, with implications for disease management. Pathogens and vectors may expand their ranges due to climate change, increasing the risk of new disease outbreaks. Microbial interactions in soil may be affected by climate change, influencing disease suppressiveness. Pathogen evolution rates are influenced by factors such as temperature and generation times, with potential for increased pathogen adaptation. Host-pathogen interactions may be affected by climate change, with implications for disease severity and management. Climate change is expected to increase the geographic range of pathogens and vectors, leading to new disease challenges. Disease management strategies may need to be adjusted to account for changing climate conditions. Models for predicting disease spread are being developed, incorporating climate variables and other factors. Ecosystem-level effects of plant disease are being studied, with implications for nutrient loss and ecosystem function. Overall, climate change is expected to have significant impacts on plant disease, requiring new approaches to disease management and research. Understanding the complex interactions between climate, plants, pathogens, and ecosystems is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change on plant disease.