This article reviews the impacts of climate change on European forests, focusing on sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability. It highlights that forests will face changes in climate variables, including increased variability and extreme weather events, which could affect growth, productivity, and ecosystem services. The study examines the effects of climate change on different bioclimatic zones in Europe, including Boreal, Temperate Oceanic, Temperate Continental, Mediterranean, and mountainous regions. In northern and western Europe, increased atmospheric CO₂ and warmer temperatures are expected to benefit forest growth and wood production, while in southern and eastern Europe, increased drought and disturbance risks are likely to have adverse effects. The Mediterranean region is expected to see a decline in productivity due to increased drought and fire risks. Adaptive capacity in the forest sector is influenced by both the inherent capacity of trees and forest ecosystems and socio-economic factors. The Boreal and Temperate Oceanic regions have relatively high adaptive capacity, while the Temperate Continental and Mediterranean regions face more constraints. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research and monitoring networks to better understand and manage the impacts of climate change on European forests. It also highlights the importance of understanding regional differences in vulnerability and the need for targeted research efforts to improve adaptive capacity and resilience in the face of climate change.This article reviews the impacts of climate change on European forests, focusing on sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability. It highlights that forests will face changes in climate variables, including increased variability and extreme weather events, which could affect growth, productivity, and ecosystem services. The study examines the effects of climate change on different bioclimatic zones in Europe, including Boreal, Temperate Oceanic, Temperate Continental, Mediterranean, and mountainous regions. In northern and western Europe, increased atmospheric CO₂ and warmer temperatures are expected to benefit forest growth and wood production, while in southern and eastern Europe, increased drought and disturbance risks are likely to have adverse effects. The Mediterranean region is expected to see a decline in productivity due to increased drought and fire risks. Adaptive capacity in the forest sector is influenced by both the inherent capacity of trees and forest ecosystems and socio-economic factors. The Boreal and Temperate Oceanic regions have relatively high adaptive capacity, while the Temperate Continental and Mediterranean regions face more constraints. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research and monitoring networks to better understand and manage the impacts of climate change on European forests. It also highlights the importance of understanding regional differences in vulnerability and the need for targeted research efforts to improve adaptive capacity and resilience in the face of climate change.