This review summarizes the clinical epidemiology of heart failure, highlighting its prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. Heart failure is a syndrome caused by cardiac dysfunction, leading to reduced longevity. It is classified into systolic and diastolic heart failure, with systolic heart failure involving impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and diastolic heart failure involving preserved ejection fraction. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) staging system are used to assess severity and guide management. Heart failure is more common in older adults, with prevalence increasing with age. The incidence of heart failure has been rising, particularly in older populations. Risk factors include hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, and diabetes. Comorbidities such as anemia, renal impairment, and obstructive sleep apnea worsen prognosis. The prognosis of heart failure remains poor, with high mortality rates, especially in the first few weeks after diagnosis. Prevention strategies focus on managing risk factors such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. Prognostic models, including the Seattle heart failure model and the Bouvy score, help estimate individual risk. These models incorporate various parameters such as age, ejection fraction, and biomarkers. Preventive measures, including the use of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, can reduce the risk of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The review emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of heart failure to improve outcomes. It also highlights the need for further research to better understand the epidemiology and prognosis of heart failure, particularly in diverse populations. The role of screening and the development of targeted interventions are critical in addressing the growing burden of heart failure.This review summarizes the clinical epidemiology of heart failure, highlighting its prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. Heart failure is a syndrome caused by cardiac dysfunction, leading to reduced longevity. It is classified into systolic and diastolic heart failure, with systolic heart failure involving impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and diastolic heart failure involving preserved ejection fraction. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) staging system are used to assess severity and guide management. Heart failure is more common in older adults, with prevalence increasing with age. The incidence of heart failure has been rising, particularly in older populations. Risk factors include hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, and diabetes. Comorbidities such as anemia, renal impairment, and obstructive sleep apnea worsen prognosis. The prognosis of heart failure remains poor, with high mortality rates, especially in the first few weeks after diagnosis. Prevention strategies focus on managing risk factors such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. Prognostic models, including the Seattle heart failure model and the Bouvy score, help estimate individual risk. These models incorporate various parameters such as age, ejection fraction, and biomarkers. Preventive measures, including the use of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, can reduce the risk of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The review emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of heart failure to improve outcomes. It also highlights the need for further research to better understand the epidemiology and prognosis of heart failure, particularly in diverse populations. The role of screening and the development of targeted interventions are critical in addressing the growing burden of heart failure.