Endometriosis is a common condition affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, primarily on the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, and rectovaginal septum. It causes pelvic pain, infertility, and is associated with increased risks of autoimmune diseases and certain cancers. Diagnosis is typically confirmed via laparoscopy, with staging based on lesion type, location, and extent. Imaging techniques like transvaginal ultrasound and MRI have limited accuracy in detecting peritoneal and ovarian implants but are effective for endometriomas. CA-125 levels are not reliable for diagnosis. Endometriosis-related pain is chronic, often worsening over time, and may be accompanied by dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and other symptoms. It overlaps with other gynecological and non-gynecological conditions, complicating diagnosis. Management includes medical therapies such as NSAIDs, combined oral contraceptives, GnRH agonists, and aromatase inhibitors, along with surgical interventions like laparoscopic excision or ablation. GnRH agonists can reduce pain but may cause hypoestrogenic effects, which are mitigated with add-back therapy. Surgical treatment, including excision of endometriomas, can improve pain and fertility outcomes. Endometriosis is a major cause of disability and reduced quality of life, with significant economic costs. Infertility associated with endometriosis can be managed with assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF), and surgical interventions may improve pregnancy rates. However, the optimal treatment approach remains uncertain, with limited data on long-term outcomes and the effectiveness of various therapies. Guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary approach, including psychological support, for managing endometriosis-related pain and infertility. Further research is needed to clarify the role of complementary therapies and to improve diagnostic and treatment strategies.Endometriosis is a common condition affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age, characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, primarily on the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries, and rectovaginal septum. It causes pelvic pain, infertility, and is associated with increased risks of autoimmune diseases and certain cancers. Diagnosis is typically confirmed via laparoscopy, with staging based on lesion type, location, and extent. Imaging techniques like transvaginal ultrasound and MRI have limited accuracy in detecting peritoneal and ovarian implants but are effective for endometriomas. CA-125 levels are not reliable for diagnosis. Endometriosis-related pain is chronic, often worsening over time, and may be accompanied by dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and other symptoms. It overlaps with other gynecological and non-gynecological conditions, complicating diagnosis. Management includes medical therapies such as NSAIDs, combined oral contraceptives, GnRH agonists, and aromatase inhibitors, along with surgical interventions like laparoscopic excision or ablation. GnRH agonists can reduce pain but may cause hypoestrogenic effects, which are mitigated with add-back therapy. Surgical treatment, including excision of endometriomas, can improve pain and fertility outcomes. Endometriosis is a major cause of disability and reduced quality of life, with significant economic costs. Infertility associated with endometriosis can be managed with assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF), and surgical interventions may improve pregnancy rates. However, the optimal treatment approach remains uncertain, with limited data on long-term outcomes and the effectiveness of various therapies. Guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary approach, including psychological support, for managing endometriosis-related pain and infertility. Further research is needed to clarify the role of complementary therapies and to improve diagnostic and treatment strategies.