This study reports a strategy to develop strong and tough epoxy supramolecular thermosets with rapid reprocessability and room-temperature closed-loop recyclability. The thermosets are constructed from vanillin-based hyperbranched epoxy resin (VanEHBP) through the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and dual dynamic covalent bonds, as well as the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cavities. These supramolecular structures confer the thermosets with remarkable energy dissipation capability, leading to high toughness and strength. The thermosets can be rapidly and effectively reprocessed at 120 °C within 30 seconds due to dynamic imine exchange and reversible noncovalent crosslinks. Importantly, they can be efficiently depolymerized at room temperature, and the recovered materials retain the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the original samples. This strategy may be employed to design tough, closed-loop recyclable epoxy thermosets for practical applications.This study reports a strategy to develop strong and tough epoxy supramolecular thermosets with rapid reprocessability and room-temperature closed-loop recyclability. The thermosets are constructed from vanillin-based hyperbranched epoxy resin (VanEHBP) through the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and dual dynamic covalent bonds, as well as the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cavities. These supramolecular structures confer the thermosets with remarkable energy dissipation capability, leading to high toughness and strength. The thermosets can be rapidly and effectively reprocessed at 120 °C within 30 seconds due to dynamic imine exchange and reversible noncovalent crosslinks. Importantly, they can be efficiently depolymerized at room temperature, and the recovered materials retain the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the original samples. This strategy may be employed to design tough, closed-loop recyclable epoxy thermosets for practical applications.