Clove essential oil (CEO) is a valuable natural product derived from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, known for its rich composition of bioactive compounds such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. CEO is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its bioactive components. However, its stability and effectiveness can be compromised by environmental factors and degradation during storage. To address these challenges, encapsulation strategies are being explored to enhance the shelf life and stability of CEO, enabling its broader application in various fields. The extraction of CEO is typically performed using methods such as steam distillation (SD), hydrodistillation (HD), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). While traditional methods like SD and HD are widely used, they have limitations such as the potential for thermal degradation and the use of organic solvents. SFE, on the other hand, is considered a more efficient and environmentally friendly method, as it uses supercritical CO₂, which is non-toxic and leaves no residual solvents. Recent studies have shown that SFE can yield higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, including eugenol, compared to traditional methods. CEO's bioactive compounds, particularly eugenol, have been extensively studied for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Research has demonstrated that eugenol can inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi, as well as reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, CEO has shown potential in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer and hypertension. However, further research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential and to optimize its extraction and encapsulation methods for industrial applications. Overall, CEO represents a promising natural resource with significant applications in various industries, and ongoing research aims to enhance its stability, efficacy, and usability.Clove essential oil (CEO) is a valuable natural product derived from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, known for its rich composition of bioactive compounds such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. These compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. CEO is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to its bioactive components. However, its stability and effectiveness can be compromised by environmental factors and degradation during storage. To address these challenges, encapsulation strategies are being explored to enhance the shelf life and stability of CEO, enabling its broader application in various fields. The extraction of CEO is typically performed using methods such as steam distillation (SD), hydrodistillation (HD), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). While traditional methods like SD and HD are widely used, they have limitations such as the potential for thermal degradation and the use of organic solvents. SFE, on the other hand, is considered a more efficient and environmentally friendly method, as it uses supercritical CO₂, which is non-toxic and leaves no residual solvents. Recent studies have shown that SFE can yield higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, including eugenol, compared to traditional methods. CEO's bioactive compounds, particularly eugenol, have been extensively studied for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Research has demonstrated that eugenol can inhibit the growth of various bacteria and fungi, as well as reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, CEO has shown potential in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer and hypertension. However, further research is needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential and to optimize its extraction and encapsulation methods for industrial applications. Overall, CEO represents a promising natural resource with significant applications in various industries, and ongoing research aims to enhance its stability, efficacy, and usability.