June 2020 | *Marcel Levi, Jecko Thachil, Toshiaki Iba, Jerrold H Levy
Elsevier established a free COVID-19 resource center in January 2020, offering information in English and Mandarin. The center grants permission for free access to its research in PubMed Central and other repositories. The article discusses coagulation abnormalities in patients with COVID-19, which can mimic other coagulopathies but have distinct features. These abnormalities increase the risk of death and are linked to thromboembolic complications. Key findings include elevated D-dimer levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and thrombocytopenia. These features suggest a combination of low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and localized pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy. Severe cases also show increased proinflammatory cytokines, contributing to coagulation activation. The fibrinolytic system is activated, increasing the risk of thromboembolic events. Management includes subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin for hospitalized patients, with consideration of anticoagulation for those at high risk. A retrospective study showed lower mortality in patients receiving prophylactic heparin. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings. The article recommends monitoring coagulation parameters and using prophylactic anticoagulation in severe cases. Plasma exchange and other interventions are experimental. The study highlights the importance of early detection and management of coagulopathy in severe COVID-19 patients.Elsevier established a free COVID-19 resource center in January 2020, offering information in English and Mandarin. The center grants permission for free access to its research in PubMed Central and other repositories. The article discusses coagulation abnormalities in patients with COVID-19, which can mimic other coagulopathies but have distinct features. These abnormalities increase the risk of death and are linked to thromboembolic complications. Key findings include elevated D-dimer levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and thrombocytopenia. These features suggest a combination of low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and localized pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy. Severe cases also show increased proinflammatory cytokines, contributing to coagulation activation. The fibrinolytic system is activated, increasing the risk of thromboembolic events. Management includes subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin for hospitalized patients, with consideration of anticoagulation for those at high risk. A retrospective study showed lower mortality in patients receiving prophylactic heparin. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings. The article recommends monitoring coagulation parameters and using prophylactic anticoagulation in severe cases. Plasma exchange and other interventions are experimental. The study highlights the importance of early detection and management of coagulopathy in severe COVID-19 patients.