The article reviews the cognitive aspects of depression, focusing on how cognitive processes contribute to emotion dysregulation and the maintenance of depressive symptoms. It highlights three key mechanisms: inhibitory processes and working memory deficits, ruminative responses to negative mood states, and the inability to use positive stimuli to regulate negative mood. The authors discuss the current understanding of depressive cognition, emphasizing the increased elaboration of negative information, difficulties in disengaging from negative material, and deficits in cognitive control when processing negative information. They also explore the implications for treatment and argue for a broader approach that integrates neural and genetic factors to better understand the onset, maintenance, and course of depression. The review concludes by underscoring the need for integrative investigations to enhance our understanding of the interaction between cognitive and biological factors in depression.The article reviews the cognitive aspects of depression, focusing on how cognitive processes contribute to emotion dysregulation and the maintenance of depressive symptoms. It highlights three key mechanisms: inhibitory processes and working memory deficits, ruminative responses to negative mood states, and the inability to use positive stimuli to regulate negative mood. The authors discuss the current understanding of depressive cognition, emphasizing the increased elaboration of negative information, difficulties in disengaging from negative material, and deficits in cognitive control when processing negative information. They also explore the implications for treatment and argue for a broader approach that integrates neural and genetic factors to better understand the onset, maintenance, and course of depression. The review concludes by underscoring the need for integrative investigations to enhance our understanding of the interaction between cognitive and biological factors in depression.