This meta-analysis examines the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive reappraisal, a strategy for changing one's interpretation of a stimulus to alter its affective impact. The study included 48 neuroimaging studies, most of which involved downregulation of negative affect. The results consistently showed that reappraisal activated cognitive control regions such as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and posterior parietal cortex, but not the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Reappraisal also modulated the bilateral amygdala, but no other brain regions. These findings suggest that reappraisal involves using cognitive control to alter semantic representations of an emotional stimulus, which in turn reduces activity in the amygdala. The study highlights the importance of understanding the neural systems underlying reappraisal for both basic and translational research, particularly in the context of emotion regulation and clinical disorders.This meta-analysis examines the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive reappraisal, a strategy for changing one's interpretation of a stimulus to alter its affective impact. The study included 48 neuroimaging studies, most of which involved downregulation of negative affect. The results consistently showed that reappraisal activated cognitive control regions such as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and posterior parietal cortex, but not the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Reappraisal also modulated the bilateral amygdala, but no other brain regions. These findings suggest that reappraisal involves using cognitive control to alter semantic representations of an emotional stimulus, which in turn reduces activity in the amygdala. The study highlights the importance of understanding the neural systems underlying reappraisal for both basic and translational research, particularly in the context of emotion regulation and clinical disorders.