Collagen-based biomaterials are widely used in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. This review discusses the properties, applications, and challenges of collagen-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine. Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix and is found in various connective tissues. It is composed of three α-chains arranged in a triple helix structure, with specific amino acid sequences that influence its immunogenicity and biocompatibility. Collagen is biodegradable and can be derived from various sources, including animal and marine tissues. However, its immunogenicity and susceptibility to degradation by collagenases pose challenges for its use in medical applications. Collagen-based biomaterials can be produced through decellularization of tissues or by cross-linking collagen with other biopolymers to enhance their mechanical and enzymatic resistance. Cross-linking methods include physical, chemical, and enzymatic techniques, each with its own advantages and limitations. Sterilization of collagen-based materials is challenging due to their sensitivity to heat and radiation, requiring alternative methods such as peracetic acid or low-dose gamma irradiation. Recent advances in collagen-based biomaterials include their use in tissue engineering for bone and cartilage regeneration, vascular disease treatment, skin and cornea repair, and neural tissue engineering. These materials have shown promise in experimental applications, including the development of 3D tissue models and the use of collagen scaffolds for drug delivery and cell culture. Despite their potential, challenges remain in terms of immunogenicity, degradation, and sterilization. Ongoing research aims to optimize collagen-based biomaterials for medical applications, focusing on improving their mechanical strength, biodegradability, and compatibility with the body. The future of collagen-based biomaterials lies in their ability to provide functional materials for regenerative medicine, from the laboratory to the patient bedside.Collagen-based biomaterials are widely used in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. This review discusses the properties, applications, and challenges of collagen-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine. Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix and is found in various connective tissues. It is composed of three α-chains arranged in a triple helix structure, with specific amino acid sequences that influence its immunogenicity and biocompatibility. Collagen is biodegradable and can be derived from various sources, including animal and marine tissues. However, its immunogenicity and susceptibility to degradation by collagenases pose challenges for its use in medical applications. Collagen-based biomaterials can be produced through decellularization of tissues or by cross-linking collagen with other biopolymers to enhance their mechanical and enzymatic resistance. Cross-linking methods include physical, chemical, and enzymatic techniques, each with its own advantages and limitations. Sterilization of collagen-based materials is challenging due to their sensitivity to heat and radiation, requiring alternative methods such as peracetic acid or low-dose gamma irradiation. Recent advances in collagen-based biomaterials include their use in tissue engineering for bone and cartilage regeneration, vascular disease treatment, skin and cornea repair, and neural tissue engineering. These materials have shown promise in experimental applications, including the development of 3D tissue models and the use of collagen scaffolds for drug delivery and cell culture. Despite their potential, challenges remain in terms of immunogenicity, degradation, and sterilization. Ongoing research aims to optimize collagen-based biomaterials for medical applications, focusing on improving their mechanical strength, biodegradability, and compatibility with the body. The future of collagen-based biomaterials lies in their ability to provide functional materials for regenerative medicine, from the laboratory to the patient bedside.