This review comprehensively examines collagen and its derivatives, highlighting their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity, which make them valuable biomaterials in medicine and pharmacy. The article discusses various sources of collagen, extraction and processing methods, and the structural and functional properties of collagen. Preserving the native state of collagen is crucial for maintaining its beneficial characteristics. The review also addresses the challenges associated with chemically modifying collagen to tailor its properties for specific clinical needs. Various collagen-based biomaterials, including solutions, hydrogels, powders, sponges, scaffolds, and thin films, are discussed, along with their applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. Additionally, the review highlights current research trends related to collagen and its derivatives, such as using collagen-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting and exploring new collagen nanoparticle preparation methods and drug delivery systems.This review comprehensively examines collagen and its derivatives, highlighting their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity and immunogenicity, which make them valuable biomaterials in medicine and pharmacy. The article discusses various sources of collagen, extraction and processing methods, and the structural and functional properties of collagen. Preserving the native state of collagen is crucial for maintaining its beneficial characteristics. The review also addresses the challenges associated with chemically modifying collagen to tailor its properties for specific clinical needs. Various collagen-based biomaterials, including solutions, hydrogels, powders, sponges, scaffolds, and thin films, are discussed, along with their applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. Additionally, the review highlights current research trends related to collagen and its derivatives, such as using collagen-based bioinks for 3D bioprinting and exploring new collagen nanoparticle preparation methods and drug delivery systems.