Common Sense, published in 1776 by Thomas Paine, was a pivotal pamphlet that advocated for American independence and against monarchy. It argued that government arises from society's needs, not from moral virtue, and that its primary purpose is to ensure security and freedom. Paine criticized the English constitution, which he saw as a complex and flawed system that failed to provide the freedoms it promised. He argued that the English government was a combination of monarchical and aristocratic tyranny, with the Commons as a check on the king, but this system was inherently contradictory and ineffective. Paine also rejected hereditary succession, stating that no one is born with the right to rule, and that it leads to the rise of foolish and unworthy rulers. He believed that monarchy was a form of government that the word of God disapproved of and that it had caused bloodshed and oppression throughout history. Paine's arguments were instrumental in shaping the American Revolution, as they provided a clear and compelling case for liberty and against monarchy. His work remains a foundational text in the history of political thought and the American Revolution.Common Sense, published in 1776 by Thomas Paine, was a pivotal pamphlet that advocated for American independence and against monarchy. It argued that government arises from society's needs, not from moral virtue, and that its primary purpose is to ensure security and freedom. Paine criticized the English constitution, which he saw as a complex and flawed system that failed to provide the freedoms it promised. He argued that the English government was a combination of monarchical and aristocratic tyranny, with the Commons as a check on the king, but this system was inherently contradictory and ineffective. Paine also rejected hereditary succession, stating that no one is born with the right to rule, and that it leads to the rise of foolish and unworthy rulers. He believed that monarchy was a form of government that the word of God disapproved of and that it had caused bloodshed and oppression throughout history. Paine's arguments were instrumental in shaping the American Revolution, as they provided a clear and compelling case for liberty and against monarchy. His work remains a foundational text in the history of political thought and the American Revolution.