The article discusses the challenges and strategies for recognizing and treating mental health problems among immigrants and refugees in primary care. It highlights the unique stressors and cultural differences that affect mental health, such as language barriers, cultural shaping of symptoms, and family dynamics. The authors emphasize the importance of systematic inquiry into patients' migration trajectory and follow-up on culturally appropriate indicators of social, vocational, and family functioning. They also stress the role of trained interpreters and culture brokers in improving communication and treatment effectiveness. The article provides clinical strategies for addressing common mental health issues, including the use of interpreters, family interaction, and community resources. It concludes by calling for more research to develop and evaluate primary care strategies that respond to the diverse needs of immigrants and refugees.The article discusses the challenges and strategies for recognizing and treating mental health problems among immigrants and refugees in primary care. It highlights the unique stressors and cultural differences that affect mental health, such as language barriers, cultural shaping of symptoms, and family dynamics. The authors emphasize the importance of systematic inquiry into patients' migration trajectory and follow-up on culturally appropriate indicators of social, vocational, and family functioning. They also stress the role of trained interpreters and culture brokers in improving communication and treatment effectiveness. The article provides clinical strategies for addressing common mental health issues, including the use of interpreters, family interaction, and community resources. It concludes by calling for more research to develop and evaluate primary care strategies that respond to the diverse needs of immigrants and refugees.