The article by Gian-Reto Walther reviews the ecological responses to recent climate change, emphasizing the interconnectedness of species interactions and the complex dynamics of ecosystems. While most studies focus on individual and species-level impacts, such as phenology and distribution shifts, Walther highlights that these responses are not isolated but are interconnected through trophic interactions. Recent case studies have shown that climate change affects biotic interactions and ecosystem services, with temporal and spatial overlap playing crucial roles. The review discusses how phenological changes, species range shifts, and community reorganization are influenced by climatic factors, but not all species respond synchronously or equally. It also explores the nonlinear dynamics and feedback processes within ecosystems, which can lead to abrupt changes and complex responses. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to focus on both the actors in ecological networks and the linkages between them, acknowledging the limitations of linear extrapolations from recent climate-induced responses to future climate change.The article by Gian-Reto Walther reviews the ecological responses to recent climate change, emphasizing the interconnectedness of species interactions and the complex dynamics of ecosystems. While most studies focus on individual and species-level impacts, such as phenology and distribution shifts, Walther highlights that these responses are not isolated but are interconnected through trophic interactions. Recent case studies have shown that climate change affects biotic interactions and ecosystem services, with temporal and spatial overlap playing crucial roles. The review discusses how phenological changes, species range shifts, and community reorganization are influenced by climatic factors, but not all species respond synchronously or equally. It also explores the nonlinear dynamics and feedback processes within ecosystems, which can lead to abrupt changes and complex responses. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to focus on both the actors in ecological networks and the linkages between them, acknowledging the limitations of linear extrapolations from recent climate-induced responses to future climate change.