Accepted: 12 June 2020 / Published online: 25 June 2020 | Adekunle Sanyaolu, Chuku Okorie, Aleksandra Marinkovic, Risha Patidar, Kokab Younis, Priyank Desai, Zaheeda Hosein, Inderbir Padda, Jasmine Mangat, Mohsin Altaf
This paper examines the impact of comorbidities on patients with COVID-19, a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study reviews literature from January to April 2020 to understand the clinical characteristics, progression, and mortality rates of patients with various comorbidities. Key findings include:
1. **Clinical Characteristics**: COVID-19 symptoms range from mild to severe, with fever, cough, and fatigue being the most common. The incubation period is 2 to 14 days, and the average incubation period is 5.2 days.
2. **Comorbidities**: Patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of severe illness and death. For example, patients with type 2 diabetes require more interventions and have a higher mortality rate. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have a four-fold increase in mortality.
3. **Mortality Rates**: Older patients, especially those 65 years and older, are more likely to develop severe illness and require ICU admission. The CDC reports that 8 out of 10 deaths in the USA occurred in adults 65 years and older.
4. **Outcomes**: COVID-19 can lead to severe conditions such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure. The majority of patients recover without hospitalization, but a significant portion require mechanical ventilation and have a high risk of death.
5. **Conclusion**: Patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of severe outcomes and death from COVID-19. They should take necessary precautions to avoid infection, including regular handwashing, social distancing, and wearing face masks. Global public health campaigns are needed to raise awareness and reduce the burden of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients.This paper examines the impact of comorbidities on patients with COVID-19, a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study reviews literature from January to April 2020 to understand the clinical characteristics, progression, and mortality rates of patients with various comorbidities. Key findings include:
1. **Clinical Characteristics**: COVID-19 symptoms range from mild to severe, with fever, cough, and fatigue being the most common. The incubation period is 2 to 14 days, and the average incubation period is 5.2 days.
2. **Comorbidities**: Patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of severe illness and death. For example, patients with type 2 diabetes require more interventions and have a higher mortality rate. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have a four-fold increase in mortality.
3. **Mortality Rates**: Older patients, especially those 65 years and older, are more likely to develop severe illness and require ICU admission. The CDC reports that 8 out of 10 deaths in the USA occurred in adults 65 years and older.
4. **Outcomes**: COVID-19 can lead to severe conditions such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure. The majority of patients recover without hospitalization, but a significant portion require mechanical ventilation and have a high risk of death.
5. **Conclusion**: Patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of severe outcomes and death from COVID-19. They should take necessary precautions to avoid infection, including regular handwashing, social distancing, and wearing face masks. Global public health campaigns are needed to raise awareness and reduce the burden of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients.