This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the safety issues of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and proposes mitigation strategies. SIBs are promising for large-scale energy storage and low-speed electric vehicles due to their lower cost and high energy density. However, safety concerns, such as thermal runaway, sodium dendrites, internal short circuits, and gas release, remain major challenges. The paper discusses the mechanisms behind these safety issues and suggests solutions, including the use of high-safety electrode materials, electrolytes, and battery management systems. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models, as well as the use of advanced machine learning tools for analysis. Sodium-ion batteries operate on a similar principle to lithium-ion batteries, with a cell energy density of 100-160 Wh·kg⁻¹, which is significantly higher than that of lead-acid batteries and comparable to that of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Sodium salts are much less expensive than lithium carbonate, making SIBs a more affordable alternative. However, the harsh conditions SIBs are exposed to can lead to various failures and safety problems due to complex physical and chemical interactions within cells. Thermal runaway is an uncontrollable chain reaction in secondary batteries, characterized by an increase in temperature and energy release. It can be caused by abnormal operating conditions such as abuse, short circuits, high temperatures, extrusion, and pinpricks. Sodium dendrites, a safety failure phenomenon, occur when sodium metal precipitates on the anode surface, reducing the number of active sodium ions and leading to decreased cell capacity. Internal short circuits are often caused by collectors touching each other during the encapsulation process, separator failures, and the inclusion of transition metals or sodium dendrites in cathodes that pierce the separators. Gas release in SIBs is divided into normal and abnormal gas production, with excessive gas release causing distortion and affecting internal cell contacts. The selection and design of materials for SIBs are crucial for solving battery safety problems. Materials with high stability, low reactivity, and good mechanical properties should be selected to prevent thermal runaway, gas release, and other safety risks. The use of advanced packaging materials can also enhance safety and prevent short circuits. Proper controls for charging and discharging can further help to prevent thermal runaway and other safety issues in SIBs.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the safety issues of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and proposes mitigation strategies. SIBs are promising for large-scale energy storage and low-speed electric vehicles due to their lower cost and high energy density. However, safety concerns, such as thermal runaway, sodium dendrites, internal short circuits, and gas release, remain major challenges. The paper discusses the mechanisms behind these safety issues and suggests solutions, including the use of high-safety electrode materials, electrolytes, and battery management systems. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models, as well as the use of advanced machine learning tools for analysis. Sodium-ion batteries operate on a similar principle to lithium-ion batteries, with a cell energy density of 100-160 Wh·kg⁻¹, which is significantly higher than that of lead-acid batteries and comparable to that of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Sodium salts are much less expensive than lithium carbonate, making SIBs a more affordable alternative. However, the harsh conditions SIBs are exposed to can lead to various failures and safety problems due to complex physical and chemical interactions within cells. Thermal runaway is an uncontrollable chain reaction in secondary batteries, characterized by an increase in temperature and energy release. It can be caused by abnormal operating conditions such as abuse, short circuits, high temperatures, extrusion, and pinpricks. Sodium dendrites, a safety failure phenomenon, occur when sodium metal precipitates on the anode surface, reducing the number of active sodium ions and leading to decreased cell capacity. Internal short circuits are often caused by collectors touching each other during the encapsulation process, separator failures, and the inclusion of transition metals or sodium dendrites in cathodes that pierce the separators. Gas release in SIBs is divided into normal and abnormal gas production, with excessive gas release causing distortion and affecting internal cell contacts. The selection and design of materials for SIBs are crucial for solving battery safety problems. Materials with high stability, low reactivity, and good mechanical properties should be selected to prevent thermal runaway, gas release, and other safety risks. The use of advanced packaging materials can also enhance safety and prevent short circuits. Proper controls for charging and discharging can further help to prevent thermal runaway and other safety issues in SIBs.