The article introduces a method called multiple displacement amplification (MDA) for whole genome amplification (WGA) of human genomic DNA. MDA is an isothermal, strand-displacing amplification technique that can yield 20-30 μg of DNA from as few as 1-10 copies of human genomic DNA. The method provides highly uniform representation across the genome, with amplification bias among eight chromosomal loci less than 3-fold, compared to 4-6 orders of magnitude for PCR-based WGA methods. Average product length exceeds 10 kb. MDA can be performed directly from biological samples, including crude whole blood and tissue culture cells, and is useful for various genetic analysis methods such as genotyping, chromosome painting, Southern blotting, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, subcloning, and DNA sequencing. The authors compare MDA to other WGA methods, including degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR) and primer extension preamplification (PEP), showing that MDA has significantly lower amplification bias. MDA is also tested for its performance in various applications, including SNP analysis, RFLP, and comparative genome hybridization, demonstrating its reliability and potential for genetic studies, forensics, diagnostics, and long-term sample storage.The article introduces a method called multiple displacement amplification (MDA) for whole genome amplification (WGA) of human genomic DNA. MDA is an isothermal, strand-displacing amplification technique that can yield 20-30 μg of DNA from as few as 1-10 copies of human genomic DNA. The method provides highly uniform representation across the genome, with amplification bias among eight chromosomal loci less than 3-fold, compared to 4-6 orders of magnitude for PCR-based WGA methods. Average product length exceeds 10 kb. MDA can be performed directly from biological samples, including crude whole blood and tissue culture cells, and is useful for various genetic analysis methods such as genotyping, chromosome painting, Southern blotting, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, subcloning, and DNA sequencing. The authors compare MDA to other WGA methods, including degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR) and primer extension preamplification (PEP), showing that MDA has significantly lower amplification bias. MDA is also tested for its performance in various applications, including SNP analysis, RFLP, and comparative genome hybridization, demonstrating its reliability and potential for genetic studies, forensics, diagnostics, and long-term sample storage.