The article provides a comprehensive overview of the development, current status, and future potential of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in medical imaging. CAD has evolved from early attempts at automated computer diagnosis in the 1960s to a widely used tool in diagnostic radiology, particularly in the detection of breast cancer on mammograms. The author highlights the key differences between CAD and automated computer diagnosis, emphasizing that CAD leverages the complementary roles of physicians and computers, while automated computer diagnosis aims to replace physicians entirely. The article discusses the historical context, research efforts, and practical applications of CAD, including its use in detecting lung nodules, vertebral fractures, intracranial aneurysms, and interval changes in bone scans. It also explores the potential for integrating CAD into Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The future of CAD is envisioned as a package of complementary schemes that can assist radiologists in making more informed decisions, with a focus on reducing false positives and improving the overall diagnostic process.The article provides a comprehensive overview of the development, current status, and future potential of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in medical imaging. CAD has evolved from early attempts at automated computer diagnosis in the 1960s to a widely used tool in diagnostic radiology, particularly in the detection of breast cancer on mammograms. The author highlights the key differences between CAD and automated computer diagnosis, emphasizing that CAD leverages the complementary roles of physicians and computers, while automated computer diagnosis aims to replace physicians entirely. The article discusses the historical context, research efforts, and practical applications of CAD, including its use in detecting lung nodules, vertebral fractures, intracranial aneurysms, and interval changes in bone scans. It also explores the potential for integrating CAD into Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The future of CAD is envisioned as a package of complementary schemes that can assist radiologists in making more informed decisions, with a focus on reducing false positives and improving the overall diagnostic process.