Conducting polymer hydrogels based on supramolecular strategies for wearable sensors

Conducting polymer hydrogels based on supramolecular strategies for wearable sensors

2024 | Zhiyuan Sun, Qingdong Ou, Chao Dong, Jinsheng Zhou, Huiyuan Hu, Chong Li, Zhandong Huang
Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are gaining attention for wearable electronics due to their high conductivity and softness. However, incompatibility between hydrophobic conductive polymers (CPs) and hydrophilic hydrogel networks leads to poor bonding, impairing mechanical and electrical properties. Supramolecular interactions enhance polymer network interactions, improving CPH performance. This review summarizes supramolecular strategies for developing high-performance CPHs and discusses their properties relevant to wearable sensors. It explores fabrication methods, classifications, and application scenarios of supramolecular CPH (SCPH) sensors, while addressing challenges and future directions. Key strategies include hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, host-guest interactions, and coordination bonds. These interactions enhance mechanical properties, self-healing, and conductivity of SCPHs, enabling their use in wearable sensors. SCPHs exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, toughness, biocompatibility, and self-healing capabilities, making them suitable for various applications. Coordination bonds provide high bond energy, enhancing mechanical strength and self-healing properties. The review highlights the importance of supramolecular interactions in developing high-performance and multifunctional CPHs for wearable sensors.Conductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are gaining attention for wearable electronics due to their high conductivity and softness. However, incompatibility between hydrophobic conductive polymers (CPs) and hydrophilic hydrogel networks leads to poor bonding, impairing mechanical and electrical properties. Supramolecular interactions enhance polymer network interactions, improving CPH performance. This review summarizes supramolecular strategies for developing high-performance CPHs and discusses their properties relevant to wearable sensors. It explores fabrication methods, classifications, and application scenarios of supramolecular CPH (SCPH) sensors, while addressing challenges and future directions. Key strategies include hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, host-guest interactions, and coordination bonds. These interactions enhance mechanical properties, self-healing, and conductivity of SCPHs, enabling their use in wearable sensors. SCPHs exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, toughness, biocompatibility, and self-healing capabilities, making them suitable for various applications. Coordination bonds provide high bond energy, enhancing mechanical strength and self-healing properties. The review highlights the importance of supramolecular interactions in developing high-performance and multifunctional CPHs for wearable sensors.
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